delete

  • entamoebas → free-living

  • euglenozoans → secondary plastids

  • dinoflagellates → bioluminescent

  • apicomplexans → animal parasites

  • diatoms → silica cell wall


1. Place these flowering plant life cycle steps in the correct sequence:

  • (5) Pollen develops in anther

  • (1) Pollen reaches stigma

  • (4) Pollen tube grows

  • (2) Fertilization of egg

  • (3) Development of fruit

  1. Many of the coal deposits we have today date to the Carboniferous Period and were formed from great forests that thrived at that time. Which of the following characteristics would you be LEAST likely to find among the plants in those forests?

sporopollenin, pollen, & ovaries.

  1. Where does meiosis occur in the pine life cycle?

within a megasporangium

  1. What kind of animal fossils were found before the Cambrian Explosion (about 535 million years ago)?

soft-bodied animals looking like sponges or jellyfish

  1. The illustration above shows a maturing gymnosperm seed. What does label 3 indicate?

food supply

  1. Which of the following is a characteristic of foraminiferans?

porous test (shell) of calcium carbonate

  1. Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes fungal heterotrophy from animal heterotrophy is that most fungi derive their nutrition by ________.

using enzymes to digest their food externally

  1. If animals had alternation of generations like plants, ________.

the products of meiosis would undergo mitosis and become multicellular

  1. A microspore ________.

produces a male gametophyte

  1. Which of the following is NOT one of the challenges that the first land plants needed to overcome for living in a land environment?

Land animals of that period were small and could not pollinate tall plants.

  1. The cell wall of fungi contains ____.

chitin

  1. What is the significance of fungi in the evolutionary history of first land plant?

Mycorrhizae helped early land plants with water and mineral absorption before the development of true roots.

  1. Which of the following structures allows certain fungus to form a massive colony?

mycelium

  1. An animal that is diploblastic could not possibly have

a true coelom

  1. Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following?

cells in heterokaryotic stage

  1. You are examining an unknown organism. If you find __________, you are CERTAIN that it belongs in the Animal Kingdom.

muscle tissue

  1. The following question refers to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in the figure. Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part. In the figure, which of the following numbers would you expect to find a structure called gametophore?

3

  1. Ginkgo trees are known to produce ____.

seeds

  1. Arrange the following events in sequence from earliest to most recent:

  • multicellular charophytes invade shallow freshwater ponds

  • first land-dwelling bryophytes

  • first seedless vascular plants.

  • first seed-bearing plants

  • first flowering plants

  1. Which of the following options is the correct pairing of protists and their characters?

  • (a) entamoebas → (i) free-living

  • (b) euglenozoans → (ii) secondary plastids

  • (c) dinoflagellates → (iii) bioluminescent

  • (d) apicomplexans → (iv) animal parasites

  • (e) diatoms → (v) silica cell wall

  1. ________ is an important group of protists that form ________, a substance useful to humans.

Diatoms; diatomaceous earth

  1. When a mosquito infected with Plasmodium first bites a human, the Plasmodium

start their life stages in human as haploid cells.

22. Place these flowering plant life cycle steps in the correct sequence:

  • (5) Pollen develops in anther

  • (1) Pollen reaches stigma

  • (4) Pollen tube grows

  • (2) Fertilization of egg

  • (3) Development of fruit

  1. Yeast infection is caused by

a fungus

  1. In animal embryonic development, a primitive gut and germ layers are established in the ____ stage.

gastrula

  1. If you cut an apple in half you will find a 'star' shape structure with five cavities, in which you can find seeds. Based on your understanding of the flowering plant structure, the forming of this 'star' related to the ____ of the flower.

five carpels

  1. Haustoria (above) are structures used to

increase surface area for nutrient exchange

  1. Which of these plant parts could belong to a Eudicot?

seed with two cotyledons.

  1. Which of the following is the BEST description of pollination in a seed plant?

transfer of a pollen to a part of the seed plant that contains the ovule

  1. What do all protostomes have in common?

The pore (blastopore) formed during gastrulation becomes the mouth.

  1. Which of the character(s) can be found in the members of Phylum Bryophyta?

have a sporophyte generation

  1. An organism that exhibits a head with sensory equipment and a brain probably also ________.

is bilaterally symmetrical

  1. Why are Chytrids considered as a basal group of fungi on a fungal phylogenetic tree, and they are often considered as simplest and primitive?

They are the only fungi that produce flagellated zoospores.

  1. In what way(s) do the reproductive adaptations of flowering plants (angiosperms) make them so much more successful across the world today than other groups of plants?

ALL of the above.

  1. Which of these is a CORRECT match of term with description?

endoderm -- germ layer that is the origin of digestive tract

  1. A common characteristic shared by ALL members of the Archaeplastida is/are

chloroplasts derived by primary endosymbiosis

  1. The fact that choanoflagellates and collar cells of sponges resemble each other supports the inference that ________.

choanoflagellates and sponges are sister groups

  1. The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a

flagellated protist

  1. The embryonic tissue layer called endoderm

ALL of the above.

  1. Coelomates are characterized by

a coelom that is completely lined with mesoderm

  1. What is the purpose of apical meristems in plants?

allow plant cells to continue dividing at the tip of roots and shoots

Problem Set 6

1. Dr. Bio samples some pond water to observe under the microscope. She finds the specimen above, which seems to have a clear shell or wall with yellowish pigmentation within. No flagella or cilia are observed. Recognizing that this is clearly a unicellular organism, Dr. Bio's best guess as to its classification is:

  • Diatom

2. The main body of a multicellular fungus is called

  • mycelium

3. Fungal cell walls contain

  • chitin

4. Most fungi spend the majority of their life cycle as

  • haploid mycelium

5. Looking under the microscope, you see hyphae that are coenocytic. What are you likely to see (select all that apply)?

  • hyphae with no cross walls (septa)

  • multinucleate hyphae

(All other listed options are incorrect.)

6. In the lab, you are observing some plant roots and notice that in many of the root cells there are tree-like projections inside the cells. Subsequent staining indicates these structures are fungal in origin. What are these structures? What is their purpose? (Select all that apply)

  • haustoria

  • nutrient exchange

(They are arbuscule-like fungal structures that facilitate nutrient transfer.)

7. This group of organisms have pairs of flagella located in perpendicular grooves, and includes Karenia brevis, a common cause of red tides on the Gulf coast.

  • Dinoflagellates

8. In the fungi, the process that directly produces the zygote stage is called

  • karyogamy

9. Match the following groups to their description

  • Euglenozoans

    • no cell wall; flagella with crystalline rod

  • Diatoms

    • are key primary producers

  • Brown Algae

    • multicellular marine protist

  • Apicomplexans

    • no cell wall, but have alveoli; often animal parasites

  • Chlorophytes

    • may be unicellular or colonial; green algae

(Each group is paired to the description on the same line as shown above.)

10. Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the hypothesis of the endosymbiotic evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

  • photosynthetic eukaryotes must have evolved prior to the oxygen revolution

Problem Set 7

1. How does fertilization in a moss occur?

  • Flagellated sperm enter the archegonium.

2. Which parts of this organism are haploid? (select all that apply)

  • A

  • B

  • D

(These letters refer to whichever diagram was provided, indicating the haploid structures.)

3. An individual fern sporophyte is able to produce far more spores than an individual moss sporophyte because, unlike the moss, the fern sporophyte has

  • sporangia

4. Which of the following would describe the gametophyte generation in a plant?

  • haploid

5. In the ferns and horsetails, dispersal to new locations occurs through

  • air-borne spores

6. In the early history of land plants, which of the following trends was observed?

  • all of the trends were observed

(Examples of these trends: from low plants to taller plants, from no leaves to microphylls to megaphylls, from dominant gametophyte to dominant sporophyte, etc.)

7. Which of the following characteristics is shared by mosses and ferns?

  • fertilization requires water for motile sperm

8. Many of the coal deposits we have today date to the Carboniferous Period and were formed from great forests that thrived at that time. Which of the following characteristics would you be LEAST likely to find among the plants in those forests?

  • pollen

9. If a male and female flower are on the same plant, that plant would be considered:

  • monoecious

10. Which of these is the BEST description of pollination in flowering plants?

  • delivery of pollen grain to a stigma