Unit 2 D075

Key Points of Foundations of Information Technology Management

  • Framework Definition: I.T. infrastructure is the underlying framework for information technology, supporting business processes and systems.

  • Distinction Between Terms: Information technology (I.T.) and information systems are distinct concepts, although they are interconnected.

  • Importance of I.T. Infrastructure: Acts as the backbone for businesses, enabling the connection of computers and facilitating almost all business operations; a robust I.T. infrastructure helps reduce costs and maintain competitiveness.

  • Components of I.T. Infrastructure: Consists of six major components:

    1. Hardware

    2. Software

    3. Networks

    4. Data

    5. People (specifically I.T. personnel)

    6. Processes (automated business processes)

  • Role of Each Component: The first four components are categorized as I.T. infrastructure, while the last two (people and processes) contribute to the formation of information systems.

  • Hardware and Software:

    • Hardware is defined by its processor and includes essential components like RAM, motherboards, and network interface cards (NICs).

      • Peripheral Device - A device that connects to a computer to enhance its usage, for example, a printer

    • Software has three types: system software (operating systems), application software (specific tasks, e.g., Excel, PowerPoint), and utility software (performing maintenance tasks, e.g., antivirus).

      • Project Management Software - A type of application software designed to assist in the planning, organizing, and managing of resource tools and developing resource estimates. Designed to easily generate Gannt charts.

        • Gannt Charts - visual representations of a project schedule, showing the start and finish dates of various elements, which help in tracking progress and ensuring that timelines are met.

  • Microcomputer - a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for individual use, capable of running various applications, including project management tools, to enhance productivity and efficiency.

  • Network: Networks connect devices (nodes) and allow communication, making management and troubleshooting across various devices easier.

    • Network Interface Card - A hardware component that allows a device to connect to a network, facilitating both wired and wireless communication.

    • Network Types:

      • Local Area Network (LAN) - A network that connects devices within a limited area, such as a home, school, or office, allowing for high-speed data transfer.

      • Wide Area Network (WAN) - A network that covers a broad area, often utilizing leased telecommunication lines to connect multiple LANs.

      • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) - A network that spans a city or a large campus, providing connectivity for multiple buildings or facilities.

      • Campus Area Network (CAN) - A network that interconnects multiple LANs within a specific campus, such as a university or business park, facilitating communication and resource sharing among different departments.

    • Network Operating System (NOS) - This type of computer runs a server that manages network resources, allowing multiple computers to communicate and share files effectively.

  • Data Management: Companies must effectively collect and manage data securely to transform it into valuable information that enhances competitiveness.

  • Database Administrator (DBA) - Responsible for categorizing data requirements and creating the database entities and models that ensure accurate and smooth-flowing information throughout a business.

  • Cybersecurity and Accessibility:

    • Organizations must ensure cybersecurity, implementing policies and protocols to protect their networks from breaches.

    • Awareness of cybersecurity threats (e.g., viruses, phishing) is crucial as organizations manage sensitive data internally and on the internet.

  • Knowledge Management Systems: Documenting processes and procedures is essential for preserving company knowledge, enabling better training and continuity.

  • Cloud Computing: Addresses the needs of smaller companies by providing access to resources (like CRM) through external cloud service providers (e.g., Amazon Web Services), reducing the need for in-house infrastructure.

  • Roles of I.T. Professionals: Includes managerial (C-suite roles) and technical positions, each with clear responsibilities that align with the organization's strategic goals.

  • Star Topology - In a star topology, all computers are connected directly to a central hub or switch, allowing them to communicate through that central point. This design is beneficial because if one connection fails, it does not affect the entire network.

  • Chief Information Officer - A board-level head of an information technology department within a business organization.

  • Moore’s Law - States that computer processing power doubles every 18 months

  • Electronic Computing Tools - Tools that deliver data and exchange information to help make decisions.

    • One of the earliest examples of this is a discussion board.

    • Slack - A cloud-based set of collaboration tools and services