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Page 1: Peripheral Nervous System Conditions and Diagnostics

• Common Causes of Acute Flaccid Tetraparesis

  • Most common cause: Guillain-Barré syndrome

• Current Clinical Guidelines

  • Published in 2023 by EAN/PNS for diagnosis and treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

• Diagnosis of Polyneuropathies

  • Gold Standard: Electroneuromyography

  • Standard Protocol includes examination of 4 sensory and 8 motor nerves.

• Conditions to Differentiate Multifocal Motor Polyneuropathy:

  • A. Motor neuron disease

  • B. Compression polyneuropathies

  • C. Hereditary polyneuropathy with pressure paralysis tendency

  • D. Lewis-Sumner syndrome

  • Answer: All of the above.

• Therapies NOT Indicated for Guillain-Barré Syndrome

  • Glucocorticosteroids

• Long-term Complications of Glucocorticosteroid Therapy

  • A. Osteoporosis

  • B. Cataracts

  • C. Trophic disorders of the skin

  • D. Increased body weight

  • Answer: All of the above.

• Nerve Biopsy in Polyneuropathy Diagnosis

  • Used only when other diagnostic methods are uninformative.

• Study of Porphobilinogen in Urine

  • Useful in cases of acute porphyria.

• Sural Nerve Innervation

  • Innervates the skin of the dorsal surface of the foot.

• Reflex Arc of the Knee Reflex

  • Involves the Femoral nerve.

• Outer Sheath of a Peripheral Nerve

  • Known as Epineurium.

• Location of Baxter's Nerve

  • Found on the medial surface of the calcaneal region.

Page 2: Nerve Locations and Functions

• Largest Nerve of the Lumbar Plexus

  • Femoral nerve.

• Largest Nerve of the Sacral Plexus

  • Sciatic nerve.

• Branches Forming the Sciatic Nerve

  • Composed of branches from the lumbosacral plexus.

• Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Innervation

  • Innervates the skin of the anterolateral thigh.

• Location of Morton's Neuroma

  • Located in the distal part of the foot at the third intermetatarsal space.

• Radial Nerve Formation

  • Formed from the posterior secondary cord of the brachial plexus.

• Short Nerves of the Brachial Plexus

  • Includes the Axillary nerve.

• Rami Forming the Brachial Plexus

  • Consists of 5 rami.

• Definition of Neuromuscular Diseases

  • Includes **A. Neuropathies, B. Myopathies, C. Myasthenic syndromes, D. All of the above.

• Development Time for Acute Neuropathies

  • Develop within up to 4 weeks.

• Patient Complaints with Neuropathy

  • All of the above (varied symptoms).

• Recording Spontaneous Activity in Muscle

  • Performed via Needle electroneuromyography.

• Pathology in Electromyogram

  • Indicates Primary axonopathy.

Page 3: Neuropathies and Typical Symptoms

• Bell's Palsy Manifestation

  • Characterized by Prosoparesis.

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Classification

  • Classified as Mononeuropathy.

• Nerves Affected in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

  • Primarily affects the Median nerve.

• Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Classification

  • Also classified as Mononeuropathy.

• Nerves Affected in Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

  • Affects the Ulnar nerve.

• Nerve Not Present in the Human Body

  • Brachial nerve does not exist.

• Innervation of the Palmar Surface of Thumb and Fingers

  • Innervated by the Median nerve (thumb, index, middle, and lateral surface of the ring finger).

• Innervation of Hypothenar Muscles

  • Innervated by the Ulnar nerve.

• Methods to Treat Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

  • A. Orthotics

  • B. Injections with corticosteroids

  • C. Surgical treatment

  • D. All of the above are correct.

• Diagnostic Methods for Suspected Neuropathy

  • A. Electroneuromyography

  • B. Ultrasound of nerves

  • C. MRI of nerves and plexuses

  • D. All of the above are correct.

• Parsonage-Turner Syndrome

  • Known as Neuralgic amyotrophy.

• Methods to Treat Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

  • All of the above are correct.

• Nerve That Can Be Pinched in Guyon's Canal

  • Ulnar nerve.

• Characteristic NOT Associated with Polyneuropathy

  • Hyperreflexia.