English Reviewer: Spoken Text & Listening - Quick Reference

SPOKEN TEXT

  • Common examples:

    • Oral Stories: a person tells a story orally infront of audience.

    • Monologue: vocalization of a character's thoughts; one person in a convo

    • Dialogue: conversation between two or more people

    • Speech: formal address/discourse; informs, persuades

    • Others: interviews, conversation, discussions, roleplay

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

  • Definition: communication between people with no direct verbal translation

  • Key features (aspects of delivery):

    • stress: strength used to produce a syllable

    • volume: loudness or softness

    • pitch: highness or lowness of a tone

    • intonation: indicates attitudes and emotions

    • tone: can change the meaning of words by changing pitch/intonation and volume

    • fluency: speaking easily, without unnecessary stops or pauses

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

  • Verbal: conveyed in spoken language from one person to another

  • Key aspects:

    • cohesion: logical connections within text/sentences (referring to words, replacing words, connecting information)

    • correctness: right use of vocabulary

    • word choice (special): the manner in which something is expressed in words

CRITERIA IN EVALUATING TEXT

  • CONTENT: idea, concept, focus or details of the subject matter

  • COHESION: connection and organization of words, phrases, ideas

  • GRAMMAR: fluency in language structure

  • MECHANICS: accuracy in punctuation marks and capitalization

  • WORDS OF CHOICE: appropriateness of words

  • TONE: emotion/feeling attached as expressed by the text

LISTENING

  • LISTENING: ability to understand what is being stated

  • HEARING: ability to hear

  • Note: example lines illustrate everyday language use

5 STAGES OF LISTENING (RUERR)

  • Receiving

  • Understanding

  • Evaluating

  • Remembering

  • Responding

4 TYPES OF LISTENING

  • Appreciative listening

  • Empathic (Empathic/Emphatic) listening

  • Comprehensive listening

  • Analytical listening

ANALYTICAL LISTENING

  • Purpose: evaluate and analyze a message for the purpose of asserting or rejecting it

  • Focus: determine whether a message is logical and reasonable

CRITICAL THINKING

  • Goal: understand a problem or topic thoroughly

  • Approach: problem → thinking → solution