SG

Axial Skeleton - Vocabulary Flashcards

Cranial bones and skull landmarks

  • Sutures: coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamous.

  • Frontal bone (1): Supraorbital margin, foramen/notch, frontal sinus.

  • Parietal bone (2)

  • Temporal bone (2): Squama, zygomatic process (part of zygomatic arch), mandibular fossa (glenoid fossa, forms TMJ with mandible's condylar process), carotid canal, jugular foramen, external auditory meatus, mastoid and styloid processes.

  • Sphenoid bone (1): Greater/lesser wings, sella turcica, optic foramen, superior orbital fissure, foramen lacerum (with temporal).

  • Ethmoid bone (1): Perpendicular plate (nasal septum), cribriform plate (olfactory foramina), crista galli, superior/middle nasal conchae (turbinate bones).

  • Occipital bone (1): Foramen magnum, external occipital protuberance, occipital condyles.

Facial bones

  • Nasal bone (2)

  • Maxilla(e) (2): Alveolar process, infraorbital foramen, hard palate (with palatine bones).

  • Lacrimal bone (2)

  • Zygomatic bone (2): Temporal process (part of zygomatic arch).

  • Inferior nasal concha(e) (2): A turbinate bone.

  • Vomer (1)

  • Palatine bone (2)

  • Mandible (1): Condylar process (mandibular condyle, forms TMJ with temporal bone), coronoid process, ramus, angle, body, mental protuberance, alveolar process, mental foramen.

Fontanelles

  • Anterior (frontal), Anterolateral (sphenoid), Posterior (occipital), Posterolateral (mastoid).

Hyoid bone

  • Greater horn, lesser horn, body.

Vertebral column

  • Spinal curves: Cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral kyphosis.

  • Intervertebral foramen, intervertebral disc.

  • Typical vertebra: Vertebral body, vertebral arch (neural arch).

  • 5.2 Cervical vertebrae (7):

    • Small, triangular vertebral foramen, TRANSVERSE FORAMEN, BIFID SPINOUS PROCESS.

    • Atlas (C1): Lateral mass, anterior/posterior arch, transverse foramen/process. Forms atlanto-occipital joint (with occipital condyle) and atlanto-axial joint (with Axis).

    • Axis (C2): Dens (odontoid process).

  • 5.3 Thoracic vertebrae (12):

    • Medium, ROUND vertebral foramen, pedicle, costal facet, LONG & INFERIORLY POINTING SPINOUS PROCESS.

  • 5.4 Lumbar vertebrae (5):

    • Large, triangular vertebral foramen, ROUND AND MASSIVE SPINOUS PROCESS.

  • 5.5 Sacrum (1):

    • Fusion of 5 vertebrae. Transverse lines, auricular surface (forms sacroiliac joint with hip bone), median sacral crest, sacral foramina, sacral canal.

  • Coccyx (1)

6 - Thoracic cage

  • Costal cartilages.

  • Ribs (12):

    • True ribs (vertebrosternal, 1-7).

    • False ribs (8-12): Non-floating (vertebrochondral, 8, 9, 10), Floating (vertebral, 11, 12).

    • Parts: head, neck, tubercle, angle, body, sternal end, costal groove.

  • Sternum: Jugular notch, manubrium, body, xyphoid process. Sternal angle (angle of Louis).