Decoding & Encoding

Decoding & Encoding

  • stages of spelling development 

    • Precommunicative spelling: scribbles

    • Semi phonetic spelling: Use of initial and final sounds(CHT for cat)

    • Phonetic spelling: write all sounds heard in a word(fon- phone)

    • Transitional spelling: writes words according to spelling pattes, may have a few misspellings(Coyn- coin know the patterns just doesn't know when to use each one)

    • Conventional spelling: spells words according to patters and orthographic rules


  • how phonics supports reading and spelling development(need to knows)

    • Sound-symbol correspondence

    • Common affixes(re,un, tion)

    • Letter combinations(ch,sh th)

    • Common orthographic patterns (baby=>babies)

  • how spelling supports development of decoding skills(recommended strategies)

    • Word sorts

    • Word banks

    • Word walls 

  • spelling instruction reinforces phonics and vocabulary development

    • writing activities- helps with encoding

Decoding Development

  • Decoding Development: instruction at the beginning-reading stage

    • Blending VC & CVC words

    • Teaching one syllable words(town)

    • Teaching irregular sight words

    • Reading decodable texts to practice phonics and sight word instruction in context instruction at more advanced stages

    • Transfer phonics to spelling 


  • Decoding Development: for more advanced reading stages we teach:

    • words with longer letter combinations

    • CVCe words

    • uncommon letter combinations(kn,ph)\use decodable texts to practice phonics and sight words  in context

    • words with inflectional endings(ed,ing)

    • Words wih phonics and more complex orthographic patterns(baby=>babies)