TEST OUTLINE

Multi-Choice: 20 (40 points total)

True/False: 5 (10 points total)

Short Answer: 1 (6 points total)

Text Question: What are three examples of the “Great Society”, what did they do, and how did they help America? (10 points total)

PEOPLE:

John Fitzgerald Kennedy: President, Commander in Chief

Bobby Kennedy: Attorney General

Lynden Bains Johnson: VP of JFK, and then president

Nikita Khrushchev: First secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Robert McNamara: U.S. Secretary of Defence

Nixon: JFK’s running opponent during 1960s election

Fidel Castro: Cuban Dictator

Jose Miro Cardona: head of the Anti-Castro Cuban exiles during Bay of Pigs

Micheal Harrington: wrote “The Other America”

I. Election of 1960

• JFK vs. Nixon

  • JFK = (D) MA

    • Young, catholic, inexperienced

  • Richard Nixon = (R) CA

    • old enough, Quaker, experienced →HUA, VP to Ike

• Main issue = FALLING BEHIND SOVIETS

• First on-screen DEBATE

  • JFK = confident, good camera angles, LOOKS BETTER

    • JFK wins TV

  • Nixon = knee injury, gray suit, flu+post press tour, TALKS BETTER

    • Nixon wins Radio

• OVERALL→4 million votes are decided after DEBATE

  • 3 million to JFK

II. New Fontier

• “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country”

• Focus on younger generation

1. Stem

   • Final Frontier = Space

     • “Because it’s there to use”

2. Pioneers

   • Challenging Americans to be pioneers→to be inventors, discover things

3. Moon Speech

   • ???

III. Peace Corp/Alliance for Progress/Foreign Policy

• JFK turns to foreign policy

• JFK creates Peace Corps

  • sends young people to developing countries for 2 years

• JFK creates Alliance for Progress

  • floods 12 billion into central America so that no countries become communist (influenced by Castro)

IV. Castro/Cuba

1959→Fidel Castro overthrows (U.S.-backed) dictator Fwgencio Batista

• Castro makes American-owned businesses in Cuba Cuban-owned

• Castro takes American-owned oil fields

  • Ike gets angry

  • Ike cuts trade/ties with Castro

• Castro need friend

  • SOVIET- Nikita Khrushchev reaches out to Castro

    • Castro accepts

    • Cuba becomes COMMUNIST

• “90 miles from Florida”

• Castro becomes DICTATOR

  • Wealthy + Loyal = All Good!

  • Poor and/or not loyal = exiled, imprisoned, disappear

• Ike directs the CIA to train the exiled to take back the island

V. Bay of Pigs (Reading)

• CIA trains exiled Cubans in Guatemala

• Jose Miro Cardona→Head of the anti-Castro Cuba exiled in U.S.

  • (was going to be leader if successful)

• Castro learns of camps

• JFK authorizes invastion→ moves target to Bay of Pigs (southern coast)

• April 5, 1961

  • bomber planes failed to hit airforce arsenal

  • U.S planes were painted like Cuban planes

  • Supposed to be 2 strikes, JFK cancels 2nd strike

• April 17

  • Cuban exiles land on Bay of Pigs beach

  • They are immediately under attack

  • Cuban planes destroy half of the ExCuban air support

  • Bad weather

• April 19

  • JFK sends more planes to help

    • get there an hour late and shot down

  • U.S. + ExCubans get crushed

• Bobby Kennedy negotiates with Castro to get back war prisoners

  • seals deal with 53 million worth of baby food and drugs

VI. Berlin Wall

*video

• JFK in West Berlin @ JKF Platz (Plaza)

  • Berlin Speech

  • “This wall is the greatest representation of why communism doesn’t work”

  • “We are all Berliners”

• Communism needs to build walls, democracies don’t

VII. Cuban Missle Crisis

• Nikita Khrushchev is worried because:

  • U.S. leading in missile technology

  • U.S. has missiles in Turkey

  • Afraid of another successful Bay of Pigs

• Oct 1962 →U.S. spies tell JFK of soiviet missiles in Cuba

• 13 days around the clock of JFK and ExComm to figure out what to do

  • Bobby Kennedy →Atterney General

  • Robert McNamara → Secretary of Defence

    • “I didn’t think we would see another Saturday”

VIII. Assassination

• Dallas, Nov 1963

• Shot in the head during a presidential parade post-arrival to Texas

IX. LBJ Experience

• Lyndon Baines Johnson

• Texan

• 30 years of experience

  • House of Reps, VP

• liberal Democrats

  • continues New Deal

  • Civil Rights, Voting Rights

• Controlled Congress

  • “Johnson Lean”

X. War on Poverty (Other America Reading)

• 1962 → Micheal Harrington writes “The Other America”

  • 40 million people living in poverty

    • urban areas, rural Montana, Appalachian Mts.

• Committee Economic Opportunity→billion dollar budget

• Head Start, Job Corps, Literary Programs

XI. Great Society (Legacy+Republican Backlash)

????

My 3 Memorised Acts from “Great Society” HW

1. Wilderness Preservation Act

   • set aside 9 million acres for national forest land

2. Higher Education Act

   • funded scholarships and low-interest loans for college students

3. Medicare Act

   • established Medicare and Medicaid programs