First Aid

  1. What is the role of a lay responder- Recognize an emergency, decide to act, activate EMS (call 911), and give care until professional help arrives.

  2. What is the role of EMTs?- Provide advanced pre-hospital medical care, stabilize, and transport patients to medical facilities.

  3. What are the emergency action steps?- Check (the scene), Call (911), Care (for the person).

  4. What is the purpose of checking the scene?- To ensure safety for yourself, the injured/ill person, and bystanders; to determine the nature of the emergency.

  5. What are the life threatening conditions?- Unconsciousness, not breathing/difficulty breathing, severe bleeding, signs of shock.

  6. What information should you give to the 911 dispatcher?- Exact location, type of emergency, number of people involved, condition of victim(s), your name and phone number.

  7. What are the care first and call first situations?- Care First: Unconscious infant/child, choking, allergic reaction, severe bleeding. Call First: Unconscious adult/adolescent, sudden collapse, suspected cardiac arrest.

  8. What are the barriers to action?- Fear of doing something wrong, fear of disease transmission, fear of being sued, panic/disgust, assuming someone else will help.

  9. What is PPE and why would you use it?- Personal Protective Equipment (e.g., gloves, masks) used to protect responders from infection and injury by preventing pathogen transmission.

  10. Explain the proper method of washing hands.- Wet hands, apply soap, lather for

    ≥20 seconds (front/back/between fingers/under nails), rinse, dry with clean towel.

  11. How would you obtain consent before giving care?- Identify yourself, state your training, explain what you plan to do, and ask if you can help.

  12. Explain the Good Samaritan Laws.- Laws that protect people who voluntarily give reasonable aid to others in an emergency, in good faith, without expecting payment, within their scope of training.

  13. What is SAMPLE?- Acronym for patient assessment: Signs/Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent medical history, Last food/drink, Events leading to the incident.

  14. Under what conditions should you move an injured or ill person?- Only if the scene is unsafe, to reach another person with more serious injuries, or to provide proper care

  15. If you need to move a person, what are the guidelines and limitations to consider?- Consider victim's size/weight, your ability, distance to move, available help. Avoid twisting or bending the victim's body.

  16. Be familiar with anatomical positions and locations.- Standard body reference points (e.g., anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal) used for descriptive accuracy.

  17. How would you determine if a person is conscious?- Tap an adult's shoulder and shout "Are you okay?"; for an infant, gently tap their foot or shoulder.

  18. After you have determined someone is unconscious, what would you do?- Call 911 immediately, open the airway, check for breathing (5-10 seconds), and begin appropriate care based on findings

  19. After gaining consent, before you check a person, what should you do?- For conscious: Ask "What happened?" and use SAMPLE. For unconscious: Ensure airway, breathing, and look for obvious severe bleeding.

  20. What are the differences in checking a child versus checking an adult?- Child: Prioritize breathing emergencies; explain in simple terms, obtain parental consent if possible, often start head-to-toe if conscious. Adult: Obtain direct consent, start head-to-toe.

  21. What are the differences in checking a conscious vs unconscious person- Conscious: Get consent, ask questions (SAMPLE), perform head-to-toe check. Unconscious: Call 911, ensure open airway, check breathing, look for obvious life-threatening injuries while minimizing movement.

  22. What are the body cavities and the important organs housed in each?- Spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs. Examples: Cranial (brain), Thoracic (heart, lungs), Abdominal (digestive organs), Pelvic (reproductive, urinary organs).

  23. What are the body systems and the purpose of each?- Groups of organs working together for specific functions. Examples: Circulatory (transports blood), Respiratory (gas exchange), Nervous (control and communication).