Pediatric Frames of Reference: Developmental and Sensorimotor

Based on one or more theories.
Organizes theoretical material in occupational therapy and translates it into practice.
Enables therapists to use theory in practice.

Developed by Lela Llorens in 1969.
Based on normal human development.
Assumes certain patterns and sequences of development are characteristic of children.

People develop at different rates, but each stage of development can only proceed normally if the preceding stages have been completed successfully.
Views people as dynamic and developing.
People's lives go through stages of growth and decline, requiring adaptation.
Development occurs horizontally across domains (physical, psychological, social, language).
Each developmental stage is traversed from simple to complex.
Ontogenesis: normal sequence of individual development.
Cognitive theory by Jean Piaget: different stages.
Psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud: conscious and subconscious states of mind.
Psychosocial theory by Erick Erickson: crises and developmental tasks.

The human organism develops horizontally and longitudinally.
Mastery of skills and relationships is necessary for successful coping and adaptive relationships.
Mastery usually achieved naturally during development.
Individual qualities + environmental stimulation promote positive growth.
Extended family and community assist in growth.
Trauma or insufficiencies can interrupt growth.