Граннатика

Grammatical Gender

Russian nouns are feminine, masculine or neuter

Masc:

Hard stem: No vowel at end

Soft stem: й ь at end

Fem:

Hard stem: a at end

Soft stem: я or ь at end

Neut:

Hard stem: o at end

Soft stem: e at end

Some nouns for people are masculine but take feminine endings, eg. па́па and some male nicknames
For nouns ending in ь, cannot tell if mac of fem (but they are never neutral), required to memorize each one
Nouns ending in Mя are all neutral (only occurs 10X in Russian language)
For neuter soft word eg. пла́тье, ь is part of stem, not ending

Nominative Plural of Nouns

Masc:

Hard stem: ы

Soft stem: и, и́

Fem:

Hard stem: ы

Soft stem: и (add additional и if ending is already и)

Neut:

Hard stem: а́

Soft stem: я, я́

7 Letter spelling rule

After letters K, г, х, ш, щ, ч, do not write the letter ы. Write и instead
Unstable stress: Changing ending can sometimes cause stress to move from the stem to ending & vice versa, esp in neuter. eg, singular слова́рь becomes словари́
Fleeting vowels: Most masc nouns endings in -ok or -eц lose last vowel when an ending is added.
Shared endings: Masc & feminine nouns have similar plural endings: hard ы or soft и, but neuter endings are different: Hard a or soft я
Irregular masc noun plurals stressed -а́: eg. Дом, дома́
Foreign words ending with o, и, у are indeclinable (cannot change endings in any form) eg. метро́
Words ending in Мя (Plural of И́мя is имена́)

Personal Pronouns Он, Она́, оно́, они́