C.3 Keywords

CHAPTER 3 – EGYPT UNDER THE PHARAOHS

1.     Akenaton was the pharaoh who established the practice of monotheism(belief in one god) in Egypt

2.     Amulet an object to ward off evil or to aid the wearer’s luck

3.     Ashlar Masonry are carefully cut and regularly shaped blocks of stone, fitted together without mortar

4.     Atlantid is a male statue column

5.     Bilateral Symmetry  is the same design on each side of a vertical axis

6.     Block Statues is cubic stone image of the deceased

7.     Canopic Jars were containers in the organs of the deceased persons were placed

8.     Capitals are the cushions at the top of  columns

9.     Causeway is a raised pathway leading to a valley

10.  Clerestory is the part of a building with windows which rises above the roof of the rest of the building

11.  Colonnade a row of columns usually spanned by a lintel

12.  Egyptology is the study of that culture and religion

13.  Engaged Column  attached to a wall

14.  Fluting is the vertical grooving on a column

15.  Fresco painting on plaster, either wet or dry.

16.  Hatshepsut  was the woman who proclaimed herself pharaoh

17.  Hieroglyphics were Egyptian picture writing

18.  Hypostyle Hall is one with a roof supported by columns

19.  Imhotep was the first artist in recorded history. He was the architect of King Djoser’s pyramid

20.  Ka is an immortal life force, which would live on in the corpse when the body had died. The body must be preserved

21.  Mastaba was an ancient Egyptian rectangular structure, with sloping sides erected over a subterranean tomb chamber connected to the outside with a shaft

22.  Mortuary Temple is a temple for the preparation of the body and the worship of the dead

23.  Mummification is the process used by ancient Egyptians to preserve human bodies so they may serve as the eternal home of the immortal ka

24.  Necropolis is a city of the dead

25.  New Kingdom is the time when Egypt was at its height

26.  Old Kingdom the time in which the Egyptian sculptors, painters and architects codified the modes of representation and the methods of construction which would be followed for two thousand years

27.  Palette is a stone slab with a circular depression

28.  Papyrus is a plant native to Egypt used to make a paper like  writing

29.  Personification an abstract idea represented in bodily form

30.  Pharaoh was the ancient Egyptian god king

31.  Pier a vertical free-standing masonry support

32.  Pilaster  a flat rectangular vertical member projecting from a wall of which it is a part

33.  Portico a roofed colonnade, also an entrance porch

34.  Pylon is a massive gateway with sloping walls

35.  Re was the sun-god of Egypt

36.  Sarcophagi are coffins

37.  Sphinx a mythical Egyptian beast with the body of a lion and the head of a human

38.  Sunken Relief is incised in the into the surface of the stone