Sceintific revelution
Scientists of the Scientific Revolution
Scientists | Dates (Born-Died) | Major Works Published | Major Discovery, Accomplishments, or Inventions |
|---|---|---|---|
Nicolaus Copernicus | 1473-1543 | De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543) | Proposed the heliocentric solar system model, stating that the Earth orbits the Sun. |
Tycho Brahe | 1546-1601 | De nova stella (1573) | Made precise astronomical observations; developed a model combining geocentric and heliocentric ideas. |
Johannes Kepler | 1571-1630 | Astronomia nova (1609), Harmonices Mundi (1619), Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae (1618-1621) | Formulated Kepler's laws of planetary motion, showing that planets move in elliptical orbits. |
Galileo Galilei | 1564-1642 | Sidereus Nuncius (1610), Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632) | Improved the telescope, discovered Jupiter's moons, supported heliocentrism, studied motion and inertia. |
Francis Bacon | 1561-1626 | Developed the scientific method, emphasizing empirical research and inductive reasoning. | |
Rene Descartes | 1596-1650 | Discourse on the Method (1637), Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) | Laid the foundation for analytical geometry and contributed to philosophy and rationalism. |
Isaac Newton | 1643-1727 | Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687) | Formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, and co-developed calculus. |
Anton von Leeuwenhoek | 1632-1723 | None | Developed powerful microscopes, and discovered bacteria, sperm cells, and red blood cells. |
Andreas Vesalius | 1514-1564 | De humani corporis fabrica (1543) | Revolutionized human anatomy through detailed dissections and corrections to Galenic errors. |
William Harvey | 1578-1657 | Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus (1628) | Discovered the circulation of blood and the role of the heart as a pump. |
Robert Boyle | 1627-1691 | The Sceptical Chymist (1661) | Formulated Boyle’s Law (relationship between pressure and volume of gases), helped develop modern chemistry. |
Guided Reading: Chapter 6 Enlightenment And Revolution
Before 1500, scholars generally decided what was true or false by referring to an ancient Greek or Roman author OR to the Bible.
The earth-centered view of the universe was called the geocentric theory.
The earth-centered view of the universe was first put forth by Ptolemy, then expanded by Aristotle.
The Scientific Revolution was a new way of thinking about the natural world, based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs.
Three factors that fueled the Scientific Revolution:
The Renaissance encouraged a new way of thinking about the world.
Technological advancements, such as the printing press, allowed ideas to spread quickly.
European exploration brought back new knowledge and discoveries.
The Sun-centered theory is known as the heliocentric theory.
Galileo’s book, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, discussed the surface of the moon with some accuracy.
The Scientific method is a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas.
Analytical geometry was developed by Rene Descartes.
Isaac Newton published The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy – one of the most important science books ever written.
The founder of modern chemistry is considered Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (Jabir ibn Hayyan).
The social contract is the agreement by which people created a government.
John Locke believed the purpose of government is to protect life, liberty, and property.