Map

Map cần 4 nhóm lớn: thay đổi, xây dựng/phá bỏ, vị trí, mô tả không gian.

Dưới đây là một vocab bank tập trung hẳn vào Map.

🗺 IELTS Task 1 MAP — C1–C2 Vocabulary Bank

1. 🏗 XÂY DỰNG / THÊM MỚI

Basic → Advanced

⭐ Collocations nên học

• construct a new building

• erect a new structure

• establish a new facility

• develop a residential area

• introduce new amenities

• incorporate additional facilities (The supermarket incorporated additional car park.)

• install a new car park

• lay a new road

• create a pedestrian pathway

Ví dụ

A new sports centre was constructed in the eastern part of the town.

The residential area was developed considerably over the period.

2. 🏚 PHÁ BỎ / LOẠI BỎ

Đây là nhóm rất quan trọng vì Map thường có old → new.

Phân biệt

demolish
→ phá một tòa nhà/công trình

The old factory was demolished.

dismantle
→ tháo dỡ từng phần

The temporary structure was dismantled.

clear
→ dọn sạch một khu vực

The trees were cleared to make way for a car park.

eliminate
→ loại bỏ một feature/element

Several small paths were eliminated.

3. 🔄 THAY THẾ

Đây là nhóm bà phải cực kỳ thành thạo.

Basic

X was replaced by Y.

Advanced

• replace X with Y

• convert X into Y

• transform X into Y

• redevelop X as Y

• turn X into Y

• substitute X with Y ⚠ ít tự nhiên hơn trong Map

• give way to

• be superseded by

⭐ "give way to"

Cực đẹp cho Task 1 Map:

The old market gave way to a modern shopping centre.

= chợ cũ bị thay thế bằng trung tâm mua sắm.

⭐ "be converted into"

The farmland was converted into a residential area.

⭐ "be transformed into"

The industrial zone was transformed into a public park.

4. 🏘 THAY ĐỔI CHỨC NĂNG

Nhóm này giúp bài Map rất academic.

• convert

• transform

• redevelop

• repurpose

• renovate

• refurbish

• modernise

• upgrade

⭐ repurpose

= chuyển một nơi sang mục đích sử dụng (nhấn mạnh mục đích/công năng sử dụng)

The warehouse was repurposed as a community centre.

renovate/ refurbish

= cải tạo, sửa chữa, tân trang

modernise

= hiện đại hóa

5. 🛣 ĐƯỜNG XÁ & GIAO THÔNG

Roads

• road

• main road

• minor road

• side road

• residential road

• access road

• bypass

• highway

• street

• lane

• path

• footpath

• pedestrian pathway

Động từ

• extend a road

• widen a road

• narrow a road

• reroute a road

• realign a road

• construct a road

• remove a road

• close a road

• divert traffic

⭐ Advanced

The main road was extended eastwards. (The main road was rerouted around the residential area and extended eastwards towards the newly developed commercial zone.)

A new road was constructed to provide access to the residential area.

The existing road was rerouted around the town centre.

6. 🚗 CAR PARK / PARKING

Thay vì cứ:

There was a car park.

Có thể dùng:

• parking area

• parking facility

• car-parking facility

• parking lot (American English)

Collocations

• construct a car park

• expand the parking area

• relocate the car park

• convert the car park into...

• provide additional parking spaces

The car park was relocated to the northern section of the site.

7. 🌳 CÂY CỐI / CẢNH QUAN

Basic

• trees

• forest

• grass

• garden

• field

Advanced

• woodland

• wooded area

• green space

• greenery

• vegetation

• open space

• grassland

• farmland

• cultivated land

Động từ

• clear vegetation

• remove trees

• plant trees

• preserve woodland

• retain green space

• expand green areas

⭐ retain

= giữ lại cái đã có

The woodland was retained throughout the redevelopment.

Đây là từ rất hữu ích vì Map không chỉ có "things that changed", mà còn có things that remained unchanged.

8. 🏢 CÁC LOẠI CÔNG TRÌNH

Building

• structure

• facility

• premises

• complex

• establishment

• property

Residential

• residential area

• housing development

• housing estate

• residential complex

• apartment block

• accommodation

Commercial

• shopping centre

• retail complex

• commercial area

• retail outlet

• commercial premises

Public

• public facility

• community centre

• recreational facility

• leisure centre

• civic building

9. 📍 VỊ TRÍ — CỰC QUAN TRỌNG

Đây là phần bà nên học nhiều nhất.

Cơ bản

• next to

• near

• behind

• in front of

• opposite

• between

• beside

C1–C2

adjacent to

= ngay cạnh

The library was adjacent to the school.

in close proximity to

= rất gần

The car park was located in close proximity to the main entrance.

in the vicinity of

= trong khu vực gần

Several shops were built in the vicinity of the town centre.

alongside

= dọc cạnh

A cycle path was constructed alongside the main road.

bordering

= giáp với

The residential area was located bordering the river.

surrounded by

= được bao quanh bởi

The park was surrounded by residential buildings.

10. 🧭 HƯỚNG

Đừng chỉ học:

north / south / east / west

Học luôn các cụm:

• to the north of

• to the south of

• to the east of

• to the west of

• in the northern part of

• in the southern section of

• in the eastern corner of

• in the western section of

• in the centre of

• towards the northern end of

• at the northern edge of

⭐ Rất tự nhiên:

in the north-eastern corner

in the south-western section

at the northern end

along the eastern boundary

11. 📐 MÔ TẢ KHÔNG GIAN

Nhóm này giúp bài của bà không bị lặp "located".

• situated

• positioned

• located

• placed

• positioned centrally

• occupy

• span

• extend across

• stretch along

• run alongside

⭐ situated

The school was situated in the northern part of the town.

⭐ occupy

Dùng khi một công trình/khu vực chiếm một phần không gian:

A large park occupied the western section of the site.

⭐ span

= trải dài qua một khu vực

The pedestrian walkway spanned the northern section of the map.

⭐ stretch along

A footpath stretched along the river.

12. 🔗 "NẰM GIỮA / KẸP GIỮA"

Rất hay gặp trong Map.

• between A and B

• in between A and B

• sandwiched between A and B

• flanked by A and B

⭐ flanked by

= nằm hai bên bởi

The main road was flanked by trees on both sides.

⭐ sandwiched between

= nằm giữa hai thứ

The car park was sandwiched between the supermarket and the railway station.

flanked by khá fancy và tự nhiên trong Map.

13. 🚶 ĐƯỜNG ĐI / PATH

• path

• footpath

• walkway

• pedestrian path

• pedestrian walkway

• cycle path

• cycle lane

• trail

Động từ:

• lead to

• connect

• link

• run through

• run alongside

• wind through

• provide access to

⭐ provide access to

Cực hữu ích:

A new road was constructed to provide access to the residential area.

⭐ link A and B

A footbridge was built to link the two areas.

14. 🔗 KẾT NỐI

Thay vì:

A road connected A and B.

Có thể dùng:

• link

• connect

• join

• bridge

• provide access to

• facilitate access to

⭐ facilitate access to

= tạo điều kiện tiếp cận

The new road facilitated access to the industrial area.

15. 🔄 MỞ RỘNG / THU HẸP

Mở rộng

• expand

• extend

• enlarge

• broaden

• widen

The residential area was expanded considerably.

The main road was widened.

Thu hẹp

• narrow

• reduce

• contract

• be reduced in size

16. 🏞 KHU VỰC GIỮ NGUYÊN

Đây là một nhóm rất dễ ăn điểm lexical resource vì nhiều bạn chỉ tập trung vào changes.

• remain unchanged

• remain intact

• be retained

• be preserved

• remain in place

• remain largely unaffected

• undergo no significant changes

⭐ Examples

The river remained unchanged throughout the period.

The woodland was preserved.

Several existing buildings remained intact.

The main road remained in place, despite extensive redevelopment elsewhere.

17. 🧱 "THÊM VÀO / MỞ RỘNG CƠ SỞ"

• additional

• newly constructed

• newly developed

• additional facilities

• further amenities

• expanded facilities

Ví dụ:

Several additional facilities were introduced, including a café and a children's playground.

18. 🏙 "REDEVELOPMENT" — TỪ SIÊU HỮU ÍCH

Nếu map có rất nhiều thay đổi, đừng lặp:

changed
changed
changed
changed 💀

Dùng:

• redevelopment

• redevelop

• urban redevelopment

• extensive redevelopment

• major redevelopment

• substantial redevelopment

Ví dụ:

The area underwent substantial redevelopment over the period.

The town centre was extensively redeveloped.

19. ⭐ 20 CỤM "HIGH-BAND" NÊN HỌC THUỘC

Nếu bà không muốn học cả đống, học 20 cụm này trước:

1. undergo substantial redevelopment

2. be completely transformed

3. be converted into

4. be transformed into

5. give way to

6. be replaced by

7. be demolished to make way for

8. be redeveloped as

9. be repurposed as

10. be situated in close proximity to

11. be adjacent to

12. be located in the vicinity of

13. be flanked by

14. provide access to

15. facilitate access to

16. run alongside

17. stretch across

18. remain largely unchanged

19. remain intact

20. be retained throughout the period

🔥 20 CÂU MẪU CÓ THỂ "TÁI CHẾ" TRONG MAP

Construction

A new sports centre was constructed in the eastern section of the site.

A pedestrian walkway was introduced alongside the main road.

Replacement

The old factory was demolished to make way for a residential complex.

The farmland gave way to a newly developed housing estate.

Conversion

The former warehouse was converted into a community centre.

The industrial area was transformed into a recreational facility.

Location

The library was situated adjacent to the school.

The car park was located in close proximity to the main entrance.

Connection

A new road was constructed to provide access to the residential area.

A footpath was introduced to link the two sections of the town.

Expansion

The residential area was considerably expanded towards the east.

The main road was extended northwards.

Removal

Several trees were cleared to make way for a car park.

The old pathway was removed and replaced with a wider pedestrian route.

Preservation

The woodland remained largely intact throughout the period.

The river remained unchanged despite the extensive redevelopment.

🧠 Một mẹo cực quan trọng cho Band 9 Map

Bà nên tránh học kiểu:

build = construct
remove = demolish
change = transform

Mà học theo "verb + object":

construct + a facility

demolish + an old building

convert + a warehouse + into a community centre

transform + farmland + into a residential area

extend + a road

widen + a road

relocate + a car park

retain + existing woodland

provide access to + a residential area

Cách này giúp bà dùng vocab chính xác, và đó mới là thứ quan trọng ở band 8–9.

🎯 Nếu chia độ ưu tiên để học:

Tier 1 — phải thuộc:
construct, demolish, replace, convert, transform, extend, widen, relocate, retain, adjacent to, alongside, provide access to

Tier 2 — rất nên thuộc:
redevelop, repurpose, refurbish, dismantle, preserve, facilitate access to, in close proximity to, in the vicinity of, flanked by

Tier 3 — dùng để nâng lexical range:
erect, incorporate, supersede, culminate, span, repurpose, substantial redevelopment

Bước tiếp theo hợp lý nhất là làm riêng “Map Synonym Bank”: ví dụ build → construct → erect → establish, remove → demolish → dismantle → clear, kèm khi nào được dùng và khi nào không được dùng để bà tránh dùng từ C2 sai ngữ cảnh. Bà muốn Synonym Bank hay 30 bài câu Map để luyện vocab?