Chemical Bases

Carbon

Has 4 valence electrons which can form 4 covalent bonds .

Can form double or triple bonds

Carbon to Carbon bonds are strong and not easily broken .

Organic Compounds

Are compounds in which Carbon atoms are covalently bonded.

Ex : Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen.

Are non polars and if they are non polars that makes them insoluble in water.

The shape of the molecules is important beacuse it determines its biological property and function.

Isomers

Compounds with the same molecular formula but diffrent structures= diffrent properties .

Types of Isomers

Differ in covalent arrangements of the atoms

2.Geometric Isomers

Identical but differ in the spatial.

Divide into two groups

Cis = two larger components on the same side of the double side.

Trans = The larger components are on the opposite side of the double bond .

3.Enantiomers

Identical ; usually only one found in organisms.

Changes in Organic Molecules

Functional group

a group of atoms that help determine the types of chemical reactions and associations.

Types of functional groups

1.Hidraxilo = -OH = Polar = alcohol, azucar.

2. Carboxilo= - CoOH: acidos debiles = acidos grasosos y amino acidos

3.Amino= -NH2 = bases debil= amino acidos y acidos nucleicos.

4.Fosfato = - PO4 = acido debiles: lipidoss, ATP, acidos nucleicos.

5.Metildo= : -Ch3 = no polar

6.Sullfhidrito= -SH = ayuda a formar proteinas