Natural Law and Conscience

Natural Law

• Definition: A theory in ethics and philosophy stating that humans possess intrinsic values that govern reasoning and behavior.
• Constant across time and cultures, based on human nature.
• Inherent in us while positive laws are created by us.

Role of Law (Fr. Michael Ryan)

• Good laws:
  • Make good people.
  • Based in reason.
  • Designed for the good of all.
  • Made by those who genuinely care about the people.
  • Easy to comprehend and follow.
  • People will follow if based on reason.

Natural Law Theory

• Humans possess a sense of right and wrong.
• Constant across time and globe.
• Opposed to laws socially constructed.

Conscience

• Moral decision-making involving awareness, discernment, and judgment of right and wrong.
• Related to awareness -> to raise consciousness means to increase our awareness of right and wrong.

Conscience - Not:

• An inner voice separate from who we are.

Conscience - Is:

• Reflection of our very being, shaped by culture, community, and significant people.
• A feeling related to guilt.

Types of Conscience

• Lax: Knows good/evil but chooses convenience.
• Legalistic: Concerned about what the law requires.
• Misinformed: Improperly instructed about good/evil.
• Scrupulous: Overly critical, feels guilt without cause.
• Informed: Knows good/evil and chooses good, feels guilt when sin is committed.