Summary of Key Concepts in Sociology

Article Research and Review Process

• Use learned research skills to find scholarly sources.

• Summarize articles in 2-3 sentences.

• Develop a research question based on findings.

• Mimic a literature review to identify existing knowledge and gaps.

Research Methodology

• Choose research methods appropriate to the question and data collection needs.

• Consider qualitative vs quantitative approaches based on the topic.

Purpose of Research

• State the purpose and potential contributions of the research to public knowledge or policy.

Levels of Analysis

• Macro level: Examines large social structures and patterns.

• Micro level: Focuses on individual interactions and social behavior.

Social Institutions

• Defined as structures that maintain society (e.g., family, education, religion).

• They work together to support social order and human well-being.

Social Theory Overview

• Structural Functionalism: Analyzes how institutions create social order; Emile Durkheim is a key figure.

• Conflict Theory: Focus on power dynamics and resource distribution; associated with Karl Marx.

• Symbolic Interactionism: Emphasizes individual social interactions and meaning-making.

Critical Theory*

• Evolved from conflict theory; advocates for practical action and social change.

• Highlights systemic inequalities in society, including racism and classism.

Postmodernism

• Challenges grand narratives and emphasizes the subjective construction of knowledge and reality.