Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Intellectual disability

Core features: below average intellectual functioning (IQ<70) AND deficits in adaptive functioning

Assessment: standardized IQ testing and measures of adaptive functioning

Prevalence: 1% of the population; 3/5 are male; 80-85% of cases are considered mild (IQ 50-70)

IDD: Treatment

Intellectual disability is irreversible

Specific learning disorders

“Learning disabilities”- difficulties learning and using academic skills

An individual’s academic performance must be below what is expected for their chronological age and IQ

Identified through IQ testing, performance-based achievement testing, and review of academic and psychological history

Three types:

1. Dyslexia- SLD with impairment in reading

2. Dyscalculia- SLD with impairment in mathematics

3. Dysgraphia- SLD with impairment in written expression

SLD: Etiology

Extra educational support and academic accommodations (e.g., extended time, preferential seating, extra notes)