Proteins

  • are the macromolecules that are essential for life, used for hormones and neurotransmitting

  • Proteins are made out of Polypeptides which are polymer bonds made from peptides (amino acids)

    Animo acid structure

  • This is the main structure of animo acids, what changes between them is the R group (side chain)

  • main structure is a carbolyxate group plus oxygen

Types of amino acids

  • Essential amino acids are acids that cannot be synthesized by our body and instead are gained by what we consume

  • Non essnetial are acids that we can create

  1. Lysine (essential amino acids)

  1. Cysteine (non-essential amino acid)

  2. Isoleucine

  3. Alanine

Formation of polypeptides

  • formation of peptides are step growth since it has an H2O byproduct

  • combining two amino acids create a dipeptide

Nucleic Acids:

  • responsible for storing and holding genetic information

RNA- ribonucleic acid

  • Is the one to translate genetic instruction from DNA and makes body create certain acids/proteins

  • Ribose is sugar used in RNA, has oxygen atoms

DNA- deoxynucleic acid

  • Holds genetic code

  • deoxyrebose is sugar uesd in DNA, has less oxygen atoms makign it more stable and thus hold code longer

Basic nucleic acid structure

  • The sugar depends on if dna or rna if rna ribose if dna deoxyribose

  • G represents the unique nucleic acids (ATUGC)

    • In DNA, in order to bond acids the pairings of each “G” must be A=T and C=G

DNA replication

  • recall that in a helix, it basically unzips the connection of say A=T, based on which nucleic acid it is and then it creates the corresponding pairing nucleic acids to fill it