Particles and bonding-

• heating gives particles more energy and weakens the forces of attraction

• cooling strengthens forces of attraction

Solid-

state symbol is (S)

• strong forces of attraction hold particles close together in fixed positions in a regular lattice arrangement

• particles vibrate about their positions

• definite shape and volume

solid - liquid = melting

liquid - solid = freezing

Liquid-

state symbol is (L)

• weak forces of attraction between particles- randomly arranged and free to move past each other. But they tend to stick closely together

• definite volume. Takes the shape of its container

solid - liquid = melting

liquid - solid = freezing

liquid - gas = boiling

gas - liquid = condensing

Gas-

state symbol is (G)

• very weak forces of attraction

• particles are far apart and travel in straight lines with random motion

• no fixed shape or volume: fills any container

gas - liquid = condensing

liquid - gas = evapourating