Science

• there are 8 groups in the periodic table → 1. alkali metals, 2. alkaline earth metals, 3. the icosagens, 4. carbon family, 5. nitrogen family, 6. oxygen family, 7. halogens and 8. noble gases (stable)

IONIC COMPOUND (IONIC BONDING)

→ we need a metal and a non-metal

→ transfer of electrons

IONIC BONDS: ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals. In naming simple ionic compounds, the metal is always first and the non-metal second. they dissolve easiy in water and other polar solvents, they also separate easily, they tend to form bonds with high melting temperatures.

Naming Ionic compounds:

• write the metal first and the non-metal second

• use subscripts (small sized button at the bottom right of the symbol) to indicate the number of atoms of each type present in the compound

• no prefixes

• change the last syllable of the non-metal to say ide.

COVALENT BONDING:

• non-metal and non-metal

• share electrons = 2 electrons → single bond, 4 electrons → double bond

→ PHYSICAL CHANGE: changing state of matter

→ CHEMICAL CHANGE: chemical reaction

→ ATOM: nucleus surrounded by electrons

→ COMPOUND: a substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically joined.

→ MIXTURE: a physical combination of two or more substances that aren't chemically joined.

→ ELEMENT: a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance.

CATION: positive ion

ANION: negative ion