HIST 144H : Lecture 4 - 2/11/2025

At the beginning of the semester, the syllabus highlighted two major projects: an independent presentation and a group project.
Instructions for these projects are now available in the files tab on the Canvas page.
The presentation is due at the end of the semester, and group project work will begin in a few weeks.
I'll take time in class during week five to provide detailed instructions on both projects and answer questions.
Please utilize the canvas to review the project guidelines ahead of time to prepare for the classroom discussion.

Transition from the Reconstruction period to discussing the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Key themes to explore:
- Changes for women
- Innovations of the era
- Early civil rights advocates
- Realities of equality at the turn of the century
Emphasized that equality has different implications for different groups of people.

End of the Reconstruction period traditionally marks the transition around 1877.
Focus on the latter portion of the 19th century with connections to the early 20th century, essential for understanding much of American history ahead.
Specific questions we will explore include:
- The evolving role of women.
- Key innovations that emerged during this time.
- Early advocates for civil rights and their impacts.
- Societal realities regarding equality.

The period revealed continuing unresolved issues regarding racial equality and civil rights after the Reconstruction.
Example cases from civil rights movements in the 1800s surprised many, showcasing that activism was not exclusively a 20th-century phenomenon.
Discussion on civil rights cases and how they shaped African American activism.

Popular from the late 19th century into the 1920s, often justifying racial hierarchies.
Misapplication of Darwin's theories to social issues, often leading to the justification of racism and prejudice.
Gave rise to what is known as scientific racism, intertwining social attitudes with perceived scientific legitimacy at the time.

Emergence of the New Woman in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, reflecting changes against Victorian norms.
This generation became increasingly involved in public life, including education and activism, while embracing modern attire and lifestyles.
Key issues for this generation included suffrage and equal rights.

Known as the Chicago World's Fair, it showcased American progress and achievements while omitting significant social issues.
Critique from activists like Ida B. Wells, highlighting misrepresentation and exclusion of minority communities in historical narratives.
Exposition summarized as a 'White City' for its representation, effectively masking the racial inequalities present in American society.

Writer focused on Native American issues; published "A Century of Dishonor" in 1881, exposing the plight of Native Americans.
Advocated for policies identified as assimilation, which would be critiqued in later contexts for not adequately addressing Native American rights.

Supreme Court Justice from Kentucky, the son of slave owners, whose views evolved over time.
Known as "the Great Dissenter", he challenged segregation policies in civil rights cases, advocating for a "colorblind Constitution."

Social activist, particularly against lynching; her early experiences shaped her commitment to civil rights.
Played a prominent role in the anti-lynching movement, influencing future civil rights efforts through her writings and activism.