Comprehensive TOEIC Flashcards: Vocabulary, Collocations, and Phrasal Verbs Study Guide

TOEIC Preparation and Linguistic Foundation

The study material is meticulously curated for a target achievement date of April 19, 2026 ($19/4/2026$). This comprehensive set of TOEIC FLASHCARDS comprises a total of $258$ cards. To facilitate structured learning, the cards are categorized into three distinct linguistic groups: Collocations ($52$ cards), Phrasal Verbs ($23$ cards), and General Vocabulary ($183$ cards). The objective is to master these essential building blocks to achieve high proficiency in both the Listening and Reading sections of the exam.

Core Verbs and Action-Oriented Phrasal Structures

Effective communication in a professional environment often relies on specific verb-preposition combinations. For instance, to inform someone about or of something means to provide them with necessary information or updates. Achieving success in a task is expressed through the collocation "succeed in" followed by a gerund ($V\text{-ing}$). When a task is difficult but completed successfully, the phrasal verb "manage to" followed by an infinitive ($V$) is utilized. Similarly, the verb "finish" is commonly paired with a noun or a gerund to indicate the completion of an activity. To encourage someone to do something involves providing them with the motivation or support to take action. Conversely, if one needs to stop something from happening, the phrasal verb "prevent something from" ($V\text{-ing}$) is employed, whereas "discourage someone from" ($V\text{-ing}$) specifically refers to preventing or dissuading an individual from a particular action.

Professional Obligations and Conduct

In a workplace setting, responsibilities are often clearly defined. One might be or feel obliged or obligated to perform a task, indicating a sense of duty or legal requirement. This is mirrored in the expression "it is one's duty or responsibility to" do something. When executing tasks, several verbs can be used interchangeably to describe the process, including conduct, carry out, perform, execute, and implement. These actions may occur on a regular basis, such as daily, monthly, or quarterly. Furthermore, individuals may be well-suited for a specific task or well-suited to perform an action based on their skills. When dealing with others, one might address something to someone, which can refer to sending a communication or handling a specific issue. If one is required to leave work without pay, the term used is "unpaid leave."

Business Dynamics, Metrics, and Trends

Quantifying changes and meeting standards is vital in business. When a value decreases, the collocations "drop," "decrease," or "fall" are used with the preposition "by" followed by a percentage, such as a decrease of $10\,\%$. To meet criteria means to satisfy specific requirements or standards set by an organization. Financial and operational trends are often described using specific vocabulary: "soar" indicates a rapid increase (e.g., a "soar price"), while "drain" refers to the exhaustion of resources or liquids. "Surpass" is used when a limit or expectation is exceeded. In corporate structural changes, a "merger" refers to the joining of two entities. Expenses are managed by "charging" a fee, and individuals or entities can be "eligible for" certain benefits or positions if they meet the necessary qualifications. To "abandon a shopping cart" refers specifically to the act of leaving an online purchase incomplete.

Workplace Relationships and Personal Attitudes

Collaboration is highlighted through the pursuit of a "common goal," where individuals must often balance "individual interests" with the needs of the group. Sharing information or resources is described as "sharing something with someone." Employee management involves "employee retention," which is the ability of an organization to keep its staff. Attitudes toward work tasks can vary; one might be "hesitant about" a decision, "reluctant to" perform an action (meaning they are unwilling or not yet ready), or "aware of" a situation. When someone is highly attracted to or enamored by an idea or person, they are said to be "taken with" them. In terms of professional development, a phrasal verb like "qualify someone for something" indicates that a person has reached the necessary standard for a role.

Logistics, Accessibility, and Procedures

Accessibility is a key concept, defined by the term "accessible (to)," meaning something is reachable or available for use. When items are "widely available," they are found easily in many places. Procedures often include the phrasal verb "refer to," which means to mention, consult, or act as a guide. The phrasal verb "appeal to" is synonymous with "attract to," signifying the ability to draw interest. During inspections or reviews, one must "evaluate" a noun or situation. To ensure things run smoothly, one might "arrange to" do something or "arrange for someone" to do something. Logistics also involves the "transfer to" a new location or position. If something is done "in advance of" another event, it is done beforehand. To "ensure that" a condition is met means to guarantee its occurrence.

Advanced Vocabulary: Descriptive and Qualitative Terms

Detailed descriptions require specific adjectives and adverbs. "Comprehensive" refers to something all-encompassing or total, while "specific" means clear and detailed. "Vaguely" describes something done in an unclear or non-explicit manner; conversely, "precisely" or "exactly" refers to perfect accuracy. Changes can happen "abruptly," "suddenly," or "unexpectedly," whereas a steady change might happen "progressively" or "gradually." If a task is done with great care and effort, it is done "diligently," "hard," or "laboriously." Materials or structures that are strong are described as "sturdy," while those that are easily damaged or fine are "delicate." A "prosperous" company is one that is successful and flourishing, often having "abundant" or plentiful resources.

Legal, Ethical, and Formal Classifications

Certain actions are restricted by rules; for example, being "banned from" or "forbidden from" indicates a prohibition. In legal or formal contexts, a "claim" can be a demand or a formal statement. Something "justifiable" is that which can be proven or defended as right. An "impartial" person is objective and shows no favoritism. "Favouritism" itself is the unfair favoring of one person over another. Formal documentation may require "authentication," which is the process of proving something is genuine. In events, an "attendant" is a person who serves, while an "attendee" is a person who participates. A "contender" is a rival or competitor in a contest.

Spatial, Temporal, and Logical Connectors

Logical flow in English is maintained through connectors. "Except for" and "apart from" are used to indicate exclusions. Causes are introduced by "due to," "owing to," or "because of" followed by a noun or gerund, or by "because," "since," and "as" followed by a full clause. The condition "only if" specifies a strict requirement. Contrast is highlighted by "whereas" (in the middle of a clause) or "on the contrary." To indicate a consequence, terms like "consequently," "therefore," or "as a result" are used. Frequency is captured by phrases like "at regular intervals" or the adverb "occasionally." The term "beyond" indicates going outside the limits of something, and "after all" is used to introduce a final summary or a point to be considered despite other factors.

Specialized Professional Roles and Industry Terms

Various roles within a business include the "consultant" (an advisor), the "junior" (a lower-level staff member), and the "retailer" (a person or business that sells goods to the public). In the context of industrial operations, "manufacturing" relates to production, while "diagnostic" relates to identification or analysis. A "product line" refers to a specific group of related products. From a technical standpoint, "implementation" is the act of putting a plan into effect, and "repurposing" is the act of using something for a different purpose than originally intended. For administrative tracking, a "time sheet" is used to record hours worked, and "punctually" describes doing something exactly at the appointed time.

Questions & Discussion

Question: What is the difference between "except for" and "apart from" in the context of these notes? Response: According to the material provided, both "except for" and "apart from" are used to indicate an exclusion. They can be followed by a noun, and "apart from" can additionally be followed by a gerund ($V\text{-ing}$).

Question: How does the note distinguish between individuals involved in an event? Response: The notes distinguish between two primary roles: an "attendant," who is a person providing service at the event, and an "attendee," who is a person participating in or attending the event.

Question: What are the various ways to express that something is being carried out? Response: The material lists several synonymous verbs for performing a task: conduct, carry out, perform, execute, and implement. These can be used interchangeably depending on the context of the action being taken.