Chapter 5: Shopping and Korean Number Systems

Chapter 5: Apples and Oranges are Delicious (사과하고 오렌지가 맛있어요)

Learning Objectives: Shopping (쇼핑)

• Key Skills: Students will learn to ask and give answers about the names and prices of various items.
• Counting Skills: Students will develop the ability to count objects using the appropriate Korean numbering systems.
• Practical Application: The lesson prepares students to conduct transactions and buy things in a retail setting.

Vocabulary and Expressions: Essential Items

• Food and Drinks:

  • 우유: Milk
  • 주스: Juice
  • 과자: Snack / Cracker
  • 빵: Bread
  • 과일: Fruit
  • 딸기: Strawberry
  • 사과: Apple
  • 오렌지: Orange

• Toiletries and Household Goods:

  • 비누: Soap
  • 수건: Tower (Note: transcript uses 'tower', commonly translated as towel)
  • 칫솔: Toothbrush (Pronunciation: [치쏠] or [칟쏠])
  • 치약: Toothpaste

Grammar: The Conjunction '하고' (And)

• Usage: This particle is attached to a noun to connect it with another noun of equal status, often used to list items.
• Equivalent: In English, this is translated as 'and'.

Dialogue Examples for '하고':

• Identifying People:
  • 가: 누구예요? (Who is it? / Who are they?)
  • 나: 우리 언니하고 오빠예요. (They are my older sister and brother.)
• Describing Locations:
  • 가: 책상 위에 뭐가 있어요? (What’s on the desk?)
  • 나: 책하고 안경이 있어요. (There’s a book and a pair of glasses.)
• Inventory Lists:
  • 빵하고 우유 (Bread and milk)
  • 비누하고 수건 (Soap and tower/towel)

Grammar: Requesting Items with '주세요'

• Key Phrases:
  • 뭘 드릴까요?: "What can I get for you?" (Derived from 무엇을 드릴까요?)
  • 주세요: "Please give me" / "I'd like…" / "Can I have…"

Shopping Dialogue Examples:

• General Request:
  • 가: 뭘 드릴까요?
  • 나: 우유하고 과자(를) 주세요. (Milk and some snacks, please.)
• Toiletries:
  • 가: 뭘 드릴까요?
  • 나: 칫솔하고 치약 주세요.
• Fruits:
  • 가: 뭘 드릴까요?
  • 나: 딸기하고 사과 주세요.
• Café Setting:
  • 가: 뭘 드릴까요?
  • 나: 커피하고 과자 주세요.

Korean Numbering Systems

Korean utilizes two distinct number systems. Sino-Korean numbers are based on Chinese characters, while Native Korean numbers are original to the Korean language.

Native Korean Numbers (고유어 수):

• 1 to 10:

  • 하나 (1), 둘 (2), 셋 (3), 넷 (4), 다섯 (5), 여섯 (6), 일곱 (7), 여덟 (8), 아홉 (9), 열 (10).

• 11 to 20:

  • 열하나 (11), 열둘 (12), 열셋 (13), 열넷 (14), 열다섯 (15), 열여섯 (16), 열일곱 (17), 열여덟 (18), 열아홉 (19), 스물 (20).

• Tens and Base 100:

  • 서른 (30), 마흔 (40), 쉰 (50), 예순 (60), 일흔 (70), 여든 (80), 아흔 (90), 백 (100).

Usage Variation:

• When several of these numbers are followed by a unit noun (counter), their form changes:
  • 하나 → 한
  • 둘 → 두
  • 셋 → 세
  • 넷 → 네
  • 스물 → 스무

Unit Nouns and Counting (Counters)

Counters (unit nouns) follow the number to specify what type of object is being counted.

• Important Counter Types:
  • 개 (gae): General unit noun used to count various objects (e.g., 사과 세 개 - three apples).
  • 명 (myeong): Counter for people (e.g., 학생 열다섯 명 - fifteen students).
  • 마리 (mari): Counter for animals (e.g., 고양이 한 마리 - one cat).
  • 잔 (jan): Counter for cups or glasses (e.g., 콜라 두 잔 - two glasses of cola).
  • 병 (byeong): Counter for bottles (e.g., 물 네 병 - four bottles of water).
  • 권 (gwon): Counter for books (e.g., 책 다섯 권 - five books).
  • 장 (jang): Counter for flat things or sheets (e.g., 사진 두 장 - two pictures; 표/티켓 여섯 장 - six tickets).
  • 살 (sal): Counter for age/years.

Quantities and Age

• Asking "How Many" (몇):

  • '몇' is a question word used for unknown quantities and is always followed by a counter.
  • 가: 교실에 학생이 몇 명 있어요? (How many students are there in the classroom?)
  • 나: 모두 열다섯 명 있어요. (There are fifteen students in total.)

• Asking About Age (나이):

  • Standard: 몇 살이에요? (How old are you?)
  • Polite/Respectful: 나이가 어떻게 되세요? (Pronunciation: 어떻게 is [어떠케])
  • Examples: 스무 살이에요 (20 years old), 스물네 살이에요 (24 years old).

Practice Exercises and Examples

• Counting Objects:

  • 의자가 여덟 개 있어요. (There are eight chairs.)
  • 콜라 세 개 있어요. (There are three colas.)
  • 비누 한 개 있어요. (There is one soap.)

• Speaking Activities:

  • Scenario: Buying items (Slide 46)
  • 가: 뭘 드릴까요?
  • 나: 햄버거 하나하고 콜라 두 잔 주세요. (One hamburger and two glasses of cola, please.)

• Practice Exercise Completions (Slide 43):

  • 1. 가: 여기 기차표 세 장 있습니다. 나: 감사합니다.
  • 2. 가: 나이가 어떻게 되세요? 나: 스물네 살이에요.
  • 3. 가: 집에 고양이가 몇 마리 있어요? 나: 한 마리 있어요.

Buying Things: Comprehensive Conversation Example

Context: Shopping for snacks and milk. Prices: 과자 (₩ 1,000), 우유 (₩ 1,000).

• 점원 (Shopkeeper): 어서 오세요. 무엇을 드릴까요? (Welcome. What can I get for you?)
• 손님 (Customer): 과자하고 우유 있어요? (Do you have snacks and milk?)
• 점원: 네, 있어요.
• 손님: 과자 한 개하고 우유 두 잔 주세요.
• 점원: 여기 있어요. 모두 얼마예요? (Note: Customer asks for the price)
• 점원: 삼천 원이에요. (It is 3,000 Won.)

Questions & Discussion

• Identifying Locations (Slide 9):

  • 가: 치약 있어요? (Do you have toothpaste?)
  • 나: 네. 있어요.
  • 가: 어디에 있어요? (Where is it?)
  • 나: 비누 위에 있어요. (It is on top of the soap.)

• Exercise 1 Review (Listening Practice):

  • The dialogue includes categories such as Family (아버지, 어머니, 동생, 누나), Fruits (사과, 딸기, 포도, 바나나), Drinks/Snacks (콜라, 커피, 과자, 햄버거), and Locations (마트, 카페, 영화관, 옷가게).