Acids,Bases and Salts
What is a salt?
A salt is an ionic compound formed when hydrogen ions form an acid and are replaced by metal or ammonium ions.
Sodium Chloride | Magnesium Sulfate | Zinc Nitrate | Ammonium Sulfate |
NaCl | MgSO4 | ZN(NO3)2 | (NH4) PO4 |
(HCL) | (H2SO4) | (HNO3) | (H3PO4) |
hydrochloric acid | sulfuric acid | nitric acid | phosphoric acid |
Examples of Salts:
MgCl2 magnesium
Mg2+ Cl- chloride
Co Cl2 cobalt chloride
Co2+ 2Cl-
magnesium chloride | iron III chloride |
Mn Cl | Fe Cl3 |
Mn2+ 2Cl | Fe3+ 3Cl- |
Uses of acids
acetit acid/vinegar is used as a preservative. It denatures the enzymes that cause decay.
Eg Citric acid is used to remove stains
REACTIONS OF ACIDS
Acids and bases
When acids react with a base, a salt and water are made.
acid+ base = salt+ water
nitric acid + magnesium oxide = magnesium nitrate + water
2HNO3(aq) + MgO(s) = Mg(NO3)2 (aq) + H2O (l)
ACIDS AND METAL HYDROXIDES
HNO3(aq) + LiOH(aq) = H2O(l)
acid + metal hydroxide = salt + water
ACIDS AND METAL CARBONATES
H2SO4(aq) + FeCO3 = FeSO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
sulfuric acid + iron (II) carbonate = iron(II) sulfate + water + carbon dioxide
Acids + Metal hydrogen carbonate = salt + carbon dioxide + water
Mg(HCO3)2(aq) + 2HNO3 (aq) = Mg(NO3)2(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 2H20 (l)
USES OF ACIDS
acetic acid/vinegar is used as a preservative. It denatures the enzymes that cause decay.
Citric acid is used to remove stains
Fe2O3(s) + 6H+ = 2Fe3+(aq) + 3H2O(l)