9.3 - 9.4 Study Guide (copy)

Secession: Leave the Union, and break away from an organization.

Habeas Corpus: The right of citizens under arrest to demand that authorities justify their imprisonment.

Border States: Slave states that remained in the Union.

Civil War: War between two different groups of the same country.

Mississippi River.

Battle of Gettysburg: Ended Lee’s final invasion into the North.

Emancipation Proclamation: Issued after the Battle of Antietam. Ended possible foreign support, hurt the South, and helped the North.

Battle of Bull Run: First major battle of the war, shows that this war is going to be long and bloody.

Battle of Shiloh: Confederates won the first day, but the Union rallied and won the battle. Grant gained fame.

Battle of Antietam: Important “victory” by the Union that allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

Blockade: Prevent people, supplies, etc. from entering or leaving an opposing country.

Anaconda Plan: Blockade to cut off the South from trade and supplies and control the Mississippi River.

  • The South thought England would back the Confederacy because Britain's industry bought southern cotton

  • Lincoln denied interest in ending slavery before 1862 mainly because he wanted to keep the border states in the Union.

  • The Confederates fired on Fort Sumpter to start the Civil War.

  • President Lincoln ignored protections against unlawful imprisonment by jailing enemies of the Union without trial to silence opposition to the war.

  • Lincoln's Inaugural Speech emphasized the importance of preserving the Union.

  • The Emancipation Proclamation was issued in 1863, transforming the war's purpose into a fight for freedom.

  • To get out of serving in the military if drafted:

    -North: Could pay for a substitute or buy their way out.

    -South: Could avoid service by owning a certain number of slaves.

  • Advantages of the North:

    -More industrial resources

    -Larger population

    -More extensive railway networks for efficient transportation of goods and troops.

  • Confederate officers’ familiarity with the territory contributed to the Confederacy’s victory in the First Battle of Bull Run:

  • The main objective of the Anaconda Plan was to cut off the Confederacy from commerce and supply.

  • Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation applied to all slaves in the Confederate states only.

  • Strategies of the Confederacy :

    -Break the blockade

    -Capture Washington DC

    -Gain foreign support

  • Most deaths during the Civil War came from disease.

  • President Lincoln believed emancipation was a valuable military tactic because:

    -It would weaken the South

    -It would give the Union the moral high ground

    -It would keep foreign nations out of the war

  • General Lee invaded the North to relieve pressure on Virginia and to encourage the North to negotiate for peace.

  • Sherman's March through Georgia was designed to make the southern population not want to support the war.

  • Battle of Vicksburg:

    -Gave the Union control of the Mississippi River

    -Was a major victory for the Union

    -Split the Confederacy in half

  • According to Lincoln, the cause of the Civil War was slavery.

  • The war essentially ended with Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House.

  • Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.

  • Lincoln's quote, “With malice towards none; with charity for all; …let us strive together …to bind up the nation’s wounds.” reflects the surrender at Appomattox Court House suggesting Confederates only had to give up their weapons and leave in peace.

  • In Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address, he stressed the importance of Unity and Healing.

  • The Battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg were the major turning points in the war.

  • The Civil War resulted in the federal government playing a larger role in Americans’ lives.

  • The Union’s policy of total war led to widespread devastation throughout the South.

  • The impact of the Civil War on American attitudes resulted in a stronger sense of nationalism.

  • As a result of the Civil War, the president became a more important and powerful political figure.

  • Disease and sickness contributed to the high death toll of the Civil War; many soldiers suffered from inadequate medical care, poor sanitation, and the unsanitary conditions of military camps.

  • After the end of slavery, African Americans faced discrimination for many years to come.

  • The Union's victory at the end of the Civil War established the supremacy of the federal government over the states.

  • As a consequence of the Confederate government printing more money, the purchasing power of Confederate dollars was worth less.

  • After the war, the South faced the loss of valuable property and resources.

  • Things women did during the Civil War:

    Volunteered as nurses

    Ran family farms and businesses

    Used fake names to enlist in the military