Unit 7
Cuban struggle for independence in the 1890s gained US attention.
William Randolph Hearst used the Cuban cause to boost newspaper circulation.
The Spanish-American War in 1898 led to US military action in Cuba and the Philippines.
The US occupation of the Philippines resulted in conflicts with Filipinos seeking independence.
The US acquired the Philippines through the Treaty of Paris in 1898.
Roosevelt Corollary and Dollar Diplomacy
Teddy Roosevelt's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine established the US as an international police power.
Between 1906 and 1924, the Roosevelt Corollary justified interventions in Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic.
William Howard Taft's dollar diplomacy aimed to exert political and social control through economic leverage.
Progressive Era and Domestic Reforms
Muckrakers exposed scandals, corruption, unsafe conditions, and poverty.
The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 built on the Sherman Antitrust Act.
Upton Sinclair's The Jungle led to the Clean Food and Drug Act of 1906.
Women won the right to vote with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920.
The 1924 Immigration Act restricted immigration, favoring Western Europeans.
The Great Migration saw African Americans move to northern industrial cities.
Civil rights organizations like the NAACP emerged, but race riots occurred.
World War I and Moral Diplomacy
Woodrow Wilson's moral diplomacy influenced US foreign policy in Haiti, Nicaragua, and Panama.
The sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman Telegram led the US to enter World War I.
Wilson's Fourteen Points aimed to create a new balance of power in Europe.
The US Congress did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, and the US did not join the League of Nations.
The Espionage Act of 1917 and Sedition Act of 1920 restricted anti-war speech and activities.
The 1920s: Consumerism and Cultural Change
Increased consumerism and borrowing led to a booming economy.
The Volstead Act led to the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment, enacting Prohibition.
The Harlem Renaissance marked a cultural and artistic boom in African American communities.
The Great Depression and the New Deal
The stock market crash on Black Tuesday triggered the Great Depression.
Herbert Hoover's administration was slow to respond, leading to widespread economic hardship.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal involved massive federal intervention.
Key New Deal Acts: Tennessee Valley Authority Act, Agricultural Adjustment Act, National Industrial Recovery Act, Wagner Act.
Alphabet Agencies: WPA, FDIC, CCC, FCC, FAA, USHA, SEC, SSA.
FDR's court-packing proposal aimed to reshape the Supreme Court.
World War II and Global Superpower
The US initially remained neutral, passing the Neutrality Act of 1939.
The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 allowed the US to aid nations vital to its defense.
The attack on Pearl Harbor on 12/07/1941 led the US to enter World War II.
Executive Order 9066 led to the internment of Japanese Americans.
Yalta and Potsdam conferences addressed the end of the war and the administration of Germany.
Truman's decision to use atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki led to Japan's surrender.