Affirm: To validate and express commitment to
something.
Collective identity: The shared identity of a group of
people, especially because of a common language and
culture.
Collective Rights: Rights guaranteed to specific groups in
Canadian society for historical and constitutional reasons.
First Nations: the umbrella name for the diverse
Aboriginal peoples who have collective rights that are
recognized and protected in Canada’s constitution. The
constitution refers to First Nations as “Indians” in keeping
with the name used at the time of negotiating the
Treaties.
Indian: Europeans used the word Indian to describe
Indigenous people although these peoples were diverse
and had names for themselves.
Sovereignty: Independence as a people, with a right to
self-government.
Annuity: an annual payment. Under the Numbered
Treaties, annuities are mostly symbolic today. For
example, members of Treaty 8 receive 5$ per year.
Reserve: land for the exclusive use of First Nations.
Entrenching: fixing firmly within.
Patriate: To bring to a country something that belongs to
the country.
Assimilate: become part of a different culture.
Ethnocentrism: the belief that one’s culture is superior to
all other cultures.
Indian Act: federal legislation related to the rights and
status of “First Nations People” (status Indians), first
passed in 1876 and amended several times.
Anglophone: A person whose first language is English.
Francophone: A person whose first language is French.
Official Language community: One of the groups in
Canadian society whose members speak an official
language of Canada.
Officially Language minority: A group that speaks one of
Canada’s official languages and that does not make up
the majority population of a province or territory.
Publicly funded: Paid for by taxes and provided by
government.
Inherent Rights: Rights with origins in fundamental
justice.
Scrip: In Metis history, a document that could be
exchanged for land that was offered to Metis at the time
the Numbered Treaties were negotiated.
Autonomy: Authority to make decisions.