Reproduction and Fertilization

Asexual Reproduction

• single parent and produces genetically identical offspring quickly and with low energy input

Sexual Reproduction

• involves the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg) from two parents, creating genetic diversity

• requires more time and energy, but improves adaptability to changing environments

Plant reproduction and fertilization

• pollination

  • the transfer of pollen grains (male gametes) from the anther to the stigma of a flower (or from male to female cones)

    • happens via wind, water, or animals (like bees)

• double fertilization

— plant and animals have similar ways of reproduction (on the cellular level)

Rubisco

• gets its DNA from 2 different places because its a hybrid protein made of subunits encoded by both the Chloroplast genome and the Nuclear genome

• Large subunits (Chloroplasts) are inherited maternally

• Small subunits (Cell Nucleus) are inherited biparentally