Child centered society
The emergence of a child centered society resulted in a number of related developments-
Improved living standards/ wages, housing, sanitation, maternal health- led to a decline in infant mortality rates
Children were needed less as economic assets and raising children became more expensive resulting in parents choosing to have less children
Increase and availability in contraception allowed people to have less children
Cultural expectations about childhood changed as media defined childhood as a separate category from adulthood
Government became more involved in childhood- compulsory education, social services, social workers, child benefits to parents
Children’s act 2004 produced Every child matters policy which focuses on children’s wellbeing until age 19/ makes them healthier and safe
Interpretivist sociologist Morrow found children did not want to make decisions for themselves but want a say in what happens to them
Childhood isn’t a universal experience and it changes based upon different social factors
Children in some countries are at risk of death due to poverty and lack of basic health care. Unlikely to have education and find themselves carrying out adult roles
Childhood experiences may differ across Ethnic and religious groups
May differ across social classes- Upper-class children may spend most there time in boarding school unlike working class who may experience poverty
May differ across gender role socialisation- Evident girls are subjected to stricter control from parents
Some children may have a damaging childhood- Neglect, physical abuse and sexual abuse
However, new right thinkers believe that children have been given too many rights in recent years and think its wrong parents are criticised for punishing children. Believe children have been exposed to the adult world too soon
Postman and Palmer agree and believe parents are too happy to let children use television and video games to keep them quiet
Phillips believes that the media and peer group have become more influental than parents and sees the media more aimed at children- He believes that issues such as suicide, eating disorders, drug issues are all direct results of these