FORENSIC BALLISTIC

An information must an investigator be able to state to establish the chain of possession of physical evidence? - who recovered the evidence and who received it, date time of submission, and issuance of a receipt.

TAPER GAUGE – used for determining the bore diameter of the firearm

ONOSCOPE – for examining the interior surface of the gun barrel

HELIXOMETER – for measuring the pitch of rifling/rifling.

CHRONOGRAPH – for determining the speed of the bullet or the muzzle velocity of the bullet.

What should an investigator consider when selecting a container for preserving physical evidence? - A container that is NOT easily break

Percussion - a means of ignition of propellant change by a mechanical blow against the primer or percussion cap.

a. Low Power - a cartridge giving a muzzle velocity of less than 1850 ft/sec.

b. High Power- a cartridge giving a muzzle velocity of between 1925 and 2500 ft/sec.

Rapid spinning of bullet action of a bullet - Rotary motion

Straight line course - Translational motion

Straightforward movement - direct motion

ballistics in its study of bullets and projectiles - Understanding the projectile and motion

The recommended method for preserving fired bullets and fired shells for future identification? - Wrap them in tissue paper and seal in a container

Fired bullets be marked in terms of location on the bullet ( Nose, Anterior, and Base)

Marking method recommended for fired bullets and fire cartridge cases - use a distinctive mark, such as the initials of the recovering officer.

The significance of marking physical evidence in a crime scene investigation? - To readily evidence in a crime scene investigation - To readily identify evidence during the trial

Distinctive mark recommended for marking physical evidence or ballistics exhibits - Initials of the recovery officer

How should fired bullets be marked - Nose, anterior, and base

Where should fire cartridge case be marked- Outside, near the open mouth

‘‘ T ‘‘ Represent when marked on a test-fired specimen - Test firing

Primary purpose of recording details upon arrival at the crime scene - To create a basic sketch of the crime scene, To identify the persons involved, and to record the time of notification.

Search method is recommended for shooting incidents in a small, closed area - Strip Search method.

“Juxta Position’’ mean - Placing the evidence and test specimens side by side in the same direction, etc.

The purpose of the ‘‘Test Fired Specimen” in the comparison process - To serve as a control for the examination.

Primary purpose of “test bullets” in the comparison process - To compare with the evidence bullets under the bullet comparison process.

Evidence Cartridge Cases - Recovered form the chamber of the firearm with markings on the base portion.

Primary purpose of a Water Bullet Recovery Tank - Recovering spent projectiles

First and most challenging step in the gun barrel manufacturing process - Drilling

Tool used in the drilling process - Special deep-hole drill

Step removes scars and scratches left by drilling - Reaming

Used to finish the muzzle end after reaming - Choke cutter

Methods produces rifling, slightly increasing height in a single pass - Hook cutter

Method forms rifling in the barrel through external hammering - Swage

Purpose of the lapping process in gun barrel manufacturing - Polishing

Final step in making a gun barrel where the breech end is cut to fit - Chambering

Characteristics of barrel steel ensures the longevity of the firearm - Durability

Refers to the ease with which the steel can be cut and shaped - Machinability

He invented the Aberdeen Chronograph for measuring muzzle velocities - Alfred Lee Loomis

Chronograph measure in ballistic investigations - Muzzle velocity of bullets

Function of the Taper Gauge - Determining bore diameter

Torsion balance used in forensic investigations - Measuring the weight of bullets

Type of riffling has a seven lands and grooves - Webley

Primary purpose of Drugfire - Searching open case files

Stereoscopic Microscope primarily used for - Preliminary examination of fired bullets

Purpose of the bullet recovery box in ballistic investigation - Recovering test-fired bullets for comparison

Instrument is used for measuring the pitch of riflings - Helixometer

Role do a Caliper and micrometer play in ballistic investigations - Making precise measurements.

Purpose of Onoscope in forensic analysis - Examining internal gun barrels

Primary function of the Taper Gauge - Determining bore diameter

Electric Gun Maker used in the laboratory - Marking fired bullets and shells

Chronograph measure in ballistic investigations -muzzle velocity of bullets

Contribution of Calvin Goddard inn forensic ballistic - developing a bullet-tracing system

“Ballistic” - Greek word “ballo” meaning to throw

Military definition, Ballistic encompass - Motion and behavior of missiles

legal perspective, what does ballistic involve - Examination of projectiles in flight and firearm functionality

Pioneering contribution did Charles Waite and Philip Gravelle - Bureau of forensic ballistic

Criminal case did the bullet comparison microscope - The Sacco and Vanzetti roberry-murder case

1929 involved Calvin Goddard earning him the title “Father of Ballistics” - The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre

Rifling method is formed by wet-etching - ElectroChemical Rifling

Tool used to removed larger imperfections resulting from cutting operations during the polishing process - Lapping

Pivotal factor in determining the robustness of the barrel - Strength

Method uses a cutting tool that cuts two opposing grooves at a time - Scrape

Shot pellets are larger - Buckshot

Purpose of a choke on a shotgun - Control the spread of the pellets

To measure the amount of gunpowder - Dram equivalent

inventing the hammerless shotgun - John browning

First commercially successful repeating shotgun - Oliver Winchester

Automatically reloads - Semi-automatic

Operate a slide-action shotgun - Pulling and pushing a lever under the barrel

Hinged or break-open shotguns reloaded - By manually inserting shells into the chamber

Shotgun only holds one shell at a time - Single-barreled

Has both shotgun and rifle barrels - triple-barreled

Shotgun shell holds the primer and propellant - Metal base

Separates buckshot from birdshot - The size of the lead balls

Single unit of shotgun ammunition - Shell case

Contributed to the development of firearms during the renaissance - Leonardo Da Vinci

he introduced the first primer powder - Alexander John Forsyth

Projectile motion involves the spinning action of the bullet - Rotary motion

Rapid expansion of gases generated by the combustion of gunpowder - Deflagration

Most significant influence on a projectile’s terminal energy - Bullet shape and type

Depth of bullet penetration - Terminal velocity

Total time take by the projectile to reach its target - Time of flight

Projectile can penetrate a target material - Penetration

Downward curvature of a bullet’s trajectory - Pull of gravity

Purpose of the “Seven Problems in Forensic Ballistics” - Provide a framework for analyzing ballistic evidence.

Focus of forensic ballistics - Linking firearms to individuals or crimes

Expand upon impact causing greater tissue damage - Hollow-point

Two duplex or three duplex bullets = Multiple bullet

Another name for an accelerator bullet - Discarding Sabot

Bullet originated in Hongkong designed for riot control - Baton Round

Bullet made in India - Dum-dum Bullet

Bullet leaves visible marks or traces - Tracer Bullet

Small arm - Handgun, Rifle , and Shotgun

Registered by licensed citizens - Small arms only

Firearms can a citizen own with a Type 4 license - 15

Smokeless powder contains only pure nitrocellulose - Single-Based Propellant

Primary purpose of minor ingredients in smokeless powder - Improve ignitability

“Loose firearm” - An unregistered, Altered, or Stolen firearm

“Major Part or Components of a firearm” - Barrel, Slide, Frame, Receiver, Cylinder, or Bolt assembly.

Considered a firearm for the purpose of the Act - The barrel, frame, or receiver

“Revoked License” - It is categorized as a loose firearm

Credited with the invention of the pin-fire cartridge - Houllier

Feature of the rim-fire cartridge - Detonator in the rim

Primer cup located in the centerfire cartridge - Middle portion

Two flash holes in Berdan-type primers - Ignite propellant more evenly

The metric designation for RIMMED cartridge cases - R

Semi-rimmed cartridge cases - SR

Cartridge case has an extractor flange - Rimless

Smaller extractor flange - rebated

Feature of a belted cartridge case - Raised belt encircling the case body

“Bullet breech cap” - Louis Nicolas Auguste Flobert

Three inherent qualities common to all explosives, including black powder - Rapid combustion, gas release, and heat generation.

Composition of black powder - 75% potassium nitrate, 15% charcoal, 10% sulfur

Primary advantage of smokeless powder - Enhanced performance and reduced smoke

Primary purpose of minor ingredients in smokeless powder - Improve ignitability

Smokeless powder contains only pure nitrocellulose - Single-Based Propellant

What is the “Father of Ballistic” credited with developing during Nicola Sacco and Bartolome Vanzetti case? - Bullet Comparison Microscope

Year when the inception of ballistics in crime scene investigation occur - 1923

Compressed ignition resulting for A firing spin spike on the primer - Percussion

Seconds does the Process of deflagration or rapid burning of gunpowder - 0.0000001 seconds

Timeframe during projectile is influenced by the processes from primer to ignition - 0.01 seconds

prevents gas leakage rearward and confines the expanded gas during bullet disengagement - Case obturation

“Yaw and Precession” refer to in external ballistics - Rotational movements of the projectile

Terminal ballistics is a sub-field of ballistics concerned with the behavior and effects of a projectile when it hits and transfers its energy to a target.

Curved path taken by a bullet during its flight in external ballistics - Trajectory

Downward curvature of a bullet’s trajectory = Pull of gravity

Blow Back is a mechanism that imitates the strong recoil of the bolt during shooting. This recoil is typical for firearms, and the use of this system in an airsoft gun increases its realism. Blow Back is mainly used in gas airsoft guns. Each gas air gun is powered by expanding gases.

Hand canon in the evolution of firearms - From cannons to portable small arms

blackening is caused by the smoke deposits. The smoke particles are light. They do not travel afar. Therefore, smoke deposit i.e. blackening is limited to a short range. Scorching is caused by the hot projectile

Charring/ Scorching/ Burning/ Singeing These are the effects of flame or hot gases produced in the combustion of propellants. The charring is caused when the shot is fired from a very close range. The size, shape and extent are characteristic of the firearm and range.

DIRT RING OR PROJECTILE WIPE RING-The dirt gets collected on the grease which, in turn, gets deposited around the wound. 2. Deposit of soot/GSR present on bullet. The projectile pick up the soot/GSR from the powder ejecta which rush past the projectiles inside or outside the barrel.

Terminal ballistic is the study of penetration of missile in deferent types of target such as solids as well as liquids. It is the study of wounding capabilities in animal tissues. It involves the studies of bullet resistance materials such as jackets and vests.

Rapid expansion of gases generated by the combustion of gun powder - Deflagration

Measurement of amount of gunpowder in shot shell = Dram equivalent

he invented the hammerless shotgun in 1878 - Wenchester

he produced the first prototype semi-automatic shotgun in 1925 - Rodolfo Cosmi

Shotgun that has side by side variation of barrels - Cape guns

Single unit of shotgun ammunition - Shell case

It seperates buckshot from birdshot - Size of lead balls

Invented hammerless shotgun - John Browning

Earlier rifles and pistol makers and first commercially successful repeating shotgun - Oliver Winchester

Designed to be used against personnel due to its soft cores -Ball type

What is the purpose of a tracer bullet - Leave visible marks while in flight