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Eye and Vision Test A Multiple Choice. 1. The ciliary muscle A) enables the eyeball to move so that a person may see an object without moving the head. B) controls the shape of the lens to allow focusing. C) holds the bones of the middle ear in place. D) controls the eardrum. E) is responsible for the size of the pupil in different light intensities. 2. The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the A) canal of Schlemm B) choroid C) aqueous humor D) vitreous humor E) ciliary body 3. An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens. A) True B) False 4. What structure of the eye focuses light on the retina? A) lens B) iris C) sclera D) optic chiasma E) choroid 5. The overlapping of the two visual fields that provides for depth perception (3-D vision) results in A) accommodation B) binocular vision C) convergence D) refraction 6. The ability of the eye to focus on close objects is known as A) refraction B) inversion C) accommodation D) binocular 7. Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the A) optic radiation B) optic tracts C) convergence D) optic chiasma 8. Which is not a component of the vascular tunic of the eye? A) choroid B) iris C) ciliary body D) sclera E) all of the above 9. Rhodopsin is a molecule made of A) vitamin and protein derivative. B) protein and vitamin derivative. C) carbohydrate and protein. D) steroid. E) protein only. 10. We cannot see images formed on the optic disc. A) True B) False 11. Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye? A) aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor B) vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea C) cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor D) cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor E) lens, aqueous humor, cornea, vitreous humor In nearsightedness, A) the sufferer cannot see things that are nearby. B) distant objects are blurry because the image is focused in front of the retina. C) the problem cannot be corrected by eyeglasses. D) the image is focused behind the retina. E) the retina begins to degenerate, making images fuzzy. 13. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to A) color blindness B) glaucoma C) night blindness D) presbyopia E) cataracts 14. The fovea A) is the region of the retina that has the greatest concentration of rods that enable sight under extremely dim B) is the region of the retina filled with cones that allows the most acute vision. C) is the blind spot produced by the optic nerve entering the eye. D) is the anterior fluid-filled chamber of the eye. E) focuses light on the retina. 15. Sebaceous glands situated between the eyelashes release an oily secretion that lubricates the eye. A) True B) False 16. The aqueous humor of the eye is reabsorbed into venous blood through the A) ciliary body B) pupil C) canal of Schlemm D) nasolacrimal duct E) lacrimal canal 17. Where do tears drain? A) into the lacrimal gland B) into the pharynx C) into the nasal cavity D) into the Eustachian tube 18. The eyes are not protected by the A) pupil B) eyebrows C) eyelids D) conjunctiva E) both A and D are correct 19. The normal resting eye is generally "set" for distant vision. A) True B) False 20. Presbyopia is a condition resulting from A) loss of lens elasticity. B) irregular curvature of the cornea or lens. C) excessive aqueous humor. D) clouding of the lens. E) vitamin a deficiency. 21. Cones are A) sensitive to red light. B) sensitive to green light. C) sensitive to blue light. D) relatively insensitive to dim light. E) all of these The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to A) prevent light from scattering inside the eye B) refract light and focus it on the retina C) release tears onto the anterior surface of the eye D) produce gross eye movements E) regulate the amount of light entering the eye 23. The _ gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears. A) lacrimal B) sebaceous C) ciliary D) ceruminous

ChatGPT said:

Here are the correct answers to your multiple-choice eye and vision test:

1. B) controls the shape of the lens to allow focusing.

2. D) vitreous humor

3. A) True

4. A) lens

5. B) binocular vision

6. C) accommodation

7. D) optic chiasma

8. D) sclera

9. B) protein and vitamin derivative.

10. A) True

11. C) cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

12. B) distant objects are blurry because the image is focused in front of the retina.

13. C) night blindness

14. B) is the region of the retina filled with cones that allows the most acute vision.

15. A) True

16. C) canal of Schlemm

17. C) into the nasal cavity

18. E) both A and D are correct

19. A) True

20. A) loss of lens elasticity.

21. E) all of these

22. A) prevent light from scattering inside the eye

23. A) lacrimal

Let me know if you need explanations for any of the answers! 😊

You said:

24. A thin, transparent mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids, and the anterior surface of the eye is the A) lacrimal gland. B) sebaceous gland. C) lacrimal canals. D) conjuctiva. E) cornea. Matching E. Extrinsic eye muscles 25. eye layer made of nervous tissue 26. regulates the amount of light entering the eye 27. "white of the eye". Aqueous humor AB. Fibrous tunic BD. Pupil DE. Vascular tunic Ciliary body AC. Fovea centralis BE. Retina ABC. Vitreous humor Cones AD. Iris CD. Rods ABD. Choroid coat D. Cornea AE. Optic disc CE. Sclera ABE. lens. 28. colored portion of the eye 29. moves and supports the eyeballs 30. flexible, transparent, and biconvex Optic nerve 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. the blind spot "window" of the eye provides nutrients to the cornea and leans photoreceptors used in dim light hole in the center of the iris smooth muscle that controls the shape

ChatGPT said:

Here are the correct answers to your multiple-choice and matching questions:

Multiple Choice

24. D) Conjunctiva

Matching

25. BE) Retina

26. BD) Pupil

27. CE) Sclera

28. AD) Iris

29. E) Extrinsic eye muscles

30. ABE) Lens

31. AE) Optic disc

32. D) Cornea

33. A) Aqueous humor

34. CD) Rods

35. BD) Pupil

36. Ciliary body

Let me know if you need further clarifications! 😊

You said:

a diciar: 23. . Which is true of an action potential? A. Na* ions move extracellularly. B. The plasma membrane is impermeable to Na* and K* ions. C. The charges become equal on the outside and inside of the plasma membrane. D. The outside of the plasma membrane is negatively charged and the inside is positively charged. 24. The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around the: A. cell body B. nodes of Ranvier C. nucleus D. dendrites E. axon 25. The phrase "all or nothing," used in conjunction with discussion about an action potential, means that A. nothing can stop the action potential once the threshold is reached. B. the membrane either achieves total equilibrium or remains as far from equilibrium as possible. C. a resting membrane potential has been received by the cell. D. none of these The system that restores and maintains the resting membrane potential is which of the following pumps? A. sodium-phosphorus B. sodium-potassium C. sodium-chlorine D. phosphorus-calcium 27. The structural unit of the nervous system is the A. neuroglia. B. cell body. C. ganglion. D. neuron. When a nerve fiber is polarized, the concentration of A. sodium and potassium ions is higher on the outside of its membrane. B. sodium ions is higher on the outside of its membrane and potassium ions is higher on the inside. C. sodium and potassium ions is higher on the inside of its membrane. D. sodium ions is higher on the inside of its membrane and potassium ions is higher on the outside. Drugs that decrease membrane permeability to sodium A. cause a loss in the perception of pain. B. prevent nerve impulses from passing. C. are used as local anesthetics. D. All of these. Special sensory end organs that make us aware of changes in our external environment are called A. ganglia. B. receptors. C. motor endplates. D. synapses. 31. Bipolar neurons are rare and can be found in the nervous tissue of the eye (retina). A) True B) False 32. Reflexes are rapid, predictable, and automatic responses to stimuli. A) True B) False Completion: Complete each statement using the terms provided. 33. The is the time between the conduction of one nerve impulse and the beginning of another. 34. Unmyelinated gaps between segments of the myelin sheath are known as . 35. Neurons that carry impulses between sensory neurons and motor neurons are 36. The peripheral, nucleated layer of the Schwann cell that encloses the myelin sheath is the absolute refectory period effector interneurons neurolemma nodes of Ranvier

ChatGPT said:

Here are the correct answers to your multiple-choice and completion questions:

Multiple Choice

23. D) The outside of the plasma membrane is negatively charged and the inside is positively charged.

24. E) Axon

25. A) Nothing can stop the action potential once the threshold is reached.

26. B) Sodium-potassium

27. D) Neuron

28. B) Sodium ions are higher on the outside of its membrane, and potassium ions are higher on the inside.

29. D) All of these.

30. B) Receptors.

31. A) True

32. A) True

Completion

33. The absolute refractory period is the time between the conduction of one nerve impulse and the beginning of another.

34. Unmyelinated gaps between segments of the myelin sheath are known as nodes of Ranvier.

35. Neurons that carry impulses between sensory neurons and motor neurons are interneurons.

36. The peripheral, nucleated layer of the Schwann cell that encloses the myelin sheath is the neurolemma.

Let me know if you need explanations for any of these! 😊

You said:

Fundamentals of the Nervous System Multiple Choice 1. A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a/an A. motor neuron. B. sensory neuron. C. interneuron. D. bipolar neuron. 2. An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell: A. calcium B. both potassium and sodium C. sodium D. potassium 3. An afferent neuron from a pain receptor and a neuron from the brain both synapse with a motor neuron. This is a example of A. complete circuits. B. divergent circuits. C. both divergent and convergent circuits. D. convergent circuits. 4. Any change in the environment, outside or within the body, is a/an A. impulse. B. conduction. C. response. D. stimulus. 5. The speed of nerve impulse conduction is greatest in A. unmyelinated, small diameter fibers. B. unmyelinated, large diameter fibers. C. heavily myelinated, large diameter fibers. D. myelinated, small diameter fibers. 6. When a stimulus becomes strong enough to activate the neuron, it is called A. absolute refractory period. B. subthreshold. C. threshold. D. synapse. 7. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that follows a threshold potential: 1. the membrane becomes depolarized 2. sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward 3. the membrane becomes repolarized 4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell A. 4, 1, 3, 2 B. 2, 1, 4, 3 C. 2, 1, 3, 4 D. 3, 2, 4, 1 8. The peripheral nervous system consists of: A. spinal nerves only B. the brain and spinal cord C. cranial nerves only D. the spinal and cranial nerves 9. Which sequence best represents the course of an impulse over a reflex arc? A. receptor, synapse, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector. B. receptor, motor neuron, synapse, sensory neuron, effector. C. receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector. D. effector, sensory neuron, synapse, motor neuron, receptor. 10. The myelin sheath is formed by A. neuron cell bodies. B. Schwann cells. C. nodes of Ranvier. D. Nissil bodies. 11. The majority of neurons in the body are A. pseudounipolar. B. bipolar. C. multipolar. D. unipolar. 12. The central nervous system is composed of A. the brain and the spinal cord. B. nerves and ganglia. C. sense receptors. D. nerves of the internal organs 13. Electrical conduction in neurons is dependent upon A. isotopes. B. magic. C. ions D. electrons. 14. A mixed nerve consists of A. efferent fibers. B. sensory and motor fibers. C. afferent fibers. D. sensory fibers. 15. The proper pathway for impulse conduction is A. axon, cell body, dendrite, synapse. B. dendrite, axon, cell body, receptor. C. dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse. D. receptor, synapse, axon, cell body. 16. — is the site of communication between neurons. A. axon terminal B. cell body C. synapse D. dendrite 17. Muscles and glands are: A. receptors B. part of the peripheral nervous system C. part of the central nervous system D. effectors 18. The cytoplasmic extensions that provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons are A. Nissl fibers. D. dendrites. B. neurofibrils. C. axons. 19. In relation to unmyelinated fibers, the conductivity of myelinated fibers is A. greater. B. the same. C. poor. D. less. 20. All of the following are reflex actions except A. knee jerk. B. coughing. C. throwing a ball. D. blinking. 21. The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called: A. an ion B. an action potential C. nerve glue D. a neurotransmitter 22. Which of the following is the correct path an impulse takes across a synapse? A. axon of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron B. dendrite of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, axon of postsynaptic neuron C. axon of postsynaptic neuron, dendrite of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft D. synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron, axon of presynaptic neuron

ChatGPT said:

Here are the correct answers to your Fundamentals of the Nervous System multiple-choice questions:

1. B) Sensory neuron

2. C) Sodium

3. D) Convergent circuits

4. D) Stimulus

5. C) Heavily myelinated, large diameter fibers

6. C) Threshold

7. C) 2, 1, 3, 4

8. D) The spinal and cranial nerves

9. C) Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

10. B) Schwann cells

11. C) Multipolar

12. A) The brain and the spinal cord

13. C) Ions

14. B) Sensory and motor fibers

15. C) Dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse

16. C) Synapse

17. D) Effectors

18. D) Dendrites

19. A) Greater

20. C) Throwing a ball

21. D) A neurotransmitter

22. A) Axon of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron

Let me know if you need any explanations! 😊

You said:

can you put the questions and answers together

ChatGPT said:

Sure! Here’s the Fundamentals of the Nervous System multiple-choice test with questions and answers combined:

1. A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a/an:
   B) Sensory neuron

2. An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell:
   C) Sodium

3. An afferent neuron from a pain receptor and a neuron from the brain both synapse with a motor neuron. This is an example of:
   D) Convergent circuits

4. Any change in the environment, outside or within the body, is a/an:
   D) Stimulus

5. The speed of nerve impulse conduction is greatest in:
   C) Heavily myelinated, large diameter fibers

6. When a stimulus becomes strong enough to activate the neuron, it is called:
   C) Threshold

7. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that follows a threshold potential:
   C) 2, 1, 3, 4
   (2. Sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward → 1. The membrane becomes depolarized → 3. The membrane becomes repolarized → 4. Potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell)

8. The peripheral nervous system consists of:
   D) The spinal and cranial nerves

9. Which sequence best represents the course of an impulse over a reflex arc?
   C) Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

10. The myelin sheath is formed by:
    B) Schwann cells

11. The majority of neurons in the body are:
    C) Multipolar

12. The central nervous system is composed of:
    A) The brain and the spinal cord

13. Electrical conduction in neurons is dependent upon:
    C) Ions

14. A mixed nerve consists of:
    B) Sensory and motor fibers

15. The proper pathway for impulse conduction is:
    C) Dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse

16. _ is the site of communication between neurons:
    C) Synapse

17. Muscles and glands are:
    D) Effectors

18. The cytoplasmic extensions that provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons are:
    D) Dendrites

19. In relation to unmyelinated fibers, the conductivity of myelinated fibers is:
    A) Greater

20. All of the following are reflex actions except:
    C) Throwing a ball

21. The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called:
    D) A neurotransmitter

22. Which of the following is the correct path an impulse takes across a synapse?
    A) Axon of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron

23. Which is true of an action potential?
    D) The outside of the plasma membrane is negatively charged and the inside is positively charged.

24. The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around the:
    E) Axon

25. The phrase "all or nothing," used in conjunction with discussion about an action potential, means that:
    A) Nothing can stop the action potential once the threshold is reached.

26. The system that restores and maintains the resting membrane potential is which of the following pumps?
    B) Sodium-potassium

27. The structural unit of the nervous system is the:
    D) Neuron

28. When a nerve fiber is polarized, the concentration of:
    B) Sodium ions is higher on the outside of its membrane and potassium ions is higher on the inside.

29. Drugs that decrease membrane permeability to sodium:
    D) All of these (Cause a loss in the perception of pain, prevent nerve impulses from passing, and are used as local anesthetics).

30. Special sensory end organs that make us aware of changes in our external environment are called:
    B) Receptors

31. Bipolar neurons are rare and can be found in the nervous tissue of the eye (retina).
    A) True

32. Reflexes are rapid, predictable, and automatic responses to stimuli.
    A) True

33. The absolute refractory period is the time between the conduction of one nerve impulse and the beginning of another.

34. Unmyelinated gaps between segments of the myelin sheath are known as nodes of Ranvier.

35. Neurons that carry impulses between sensory neurons and motor neurons are interneurons.

36. The peripheral, nucleated layer of the Schwann cell that encloses the myelin sheath is the neurolemma.