Self concept + identity form

  • Roger’s self concept theory : self image, self esteem, ideal self

    • culture/ social factor, body image, role expect + perform

    • self image:

      • views unique genetic quality

      • assets/ weakness

    • self esteem: person’s overall level of self-worth and how people feel about themselves

      • self-esteem stressors

        Life events such as disability, chronic illness, loss of career, change in financial status, feeling irrelevant due to retirement, and loss of social support when a spouse is deceased that can impact a client's self-esteem.

    • ideal self is what a person desires

 A self-concept stressor is an event or perception that has a negative impact on how a person perceives themself

self-concept congruence

Occurs when a person's ideal self is consistent with their actual life experiences.

self-concept incongruence

Occurs when a person's ideal self is not consistent with their actual life experiences.

self concept: how people perceive themselves

most flexible during early years → shaped by enviroment, social, culture

emotional intelligence (EI)

When an individual is able to perceive, understand, control, manage, and evaluate emotions.

  • self awareness

  • self management: emotion control, adaptability, achievement orientation, inspirational leadership

  • social awareness: empathy, organizational awareness

  • relationship management: influence, coach, mentor, teanworkm inspirational leadership

body image

A person's perceptions, feelings, and thoughts about their body, usually conceptualized by perceptions related to body shape, size, and physical attractiveness.

changes over lifespan; more vunerable during adolescence

affected by cultural


self-efficacy

Bandura's Social Learning Theory

Refers to a person's perceived ability and aptitude to successfully complete a task.

  • cognitive, motivational, affective, and selection processes


Madelyn Leininger defined culture as the “learned, shared and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular group that guides their thinking, decisions, and actions in patterned ways”.

role performance

Taking relevant actions to effectively execute the tasks of a specific role.

role conflict

Occurs when individuals are faced with two or more role expectations and find themselves unable to meet these expectations at the same time.

role ambiguity

Refers to the lack of clarity in understanding the actions that need to be taken to achieve proposed goals. It can affect an individual's understanding of expectations, generates doubts about achievement of their objectives, and creates uncertainty as to how their performance will be assessed.

role overload

Occurs when the roles and responsibilities placed upon an individual are greater than their ability to effectively manage them or when they find themselves pressured to respond to the many roles they hold.

role strain

Occurs when an individual has difficulty meeting the responsibilities of a particular life role or when incompatible demands are placed upon an individual

Erick erickson therory of psychosocial dev: 8 stages w/ crises and requires solving → next stage

Trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year): Infancy

sense of trust when caregivers provide reliable care and affection. A lack of consistent = mistrust.

Autonomy versus shame and doubt (1 to 3 years): Early childhood

Children develop a sense of control and independence. Success → self-reliance; failure →shame and uncertainty.

Initiative versus guilt (3 to 6 years): Preschool

Children develop a sense of self-awareness and assert control and power over their environment. Success → sense of purpose. Exerting too much power may result in disapproval and feelings of guilt.

Industry versus inferiority (6 to 12 years): School age

Children begin to cope with new social and school interactions and feedback from peers and teachers. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in a feeling of inadequacy.

Identity versus role confusion (12 to 19 years): Adolescence

Adolescents develop a sense of self and personal identity. Exploration leads to a positive sense of self, while failure leads to role confusion and a weakened sense of self.

Intimacy versus isolation (20 to mid-40s): Young adulthood

Young adults form intimate, stable relationships with others and achieve successful role transition. Success leads to healthy relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.

Generativity versus stagnation (mid-40s to mid-60s): Middle adulthood

Adults accept life changes, reassess life goals, and create positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in lack of involvement and meaning.

Integrity versus despair (mid-60s to death): Late adulthood

Older adults reflect on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this state leads to a feeling of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair.

identity formation

A complex, lifelong process whereby an individual develops an understanding about themselves within the context of family, cultural, and social norms. It is influenced by one's gender, race, ethnicity, birth order, family status, occupation, culture, religion, and environment.

  • James Marcia: 4 identity pahses for dev of self concept in adolensese

Identity Status

Description

Identity achievement

know what they want

Individuals explore alternatives and make occupational, ideological, and relational commitments during adolescence. Achieved individuals have a solid and integrated self-concept.

Moratorium

lots of choices and not know what to choose

Individuals with a moratorium status experience an identity crisis. They struggle to find positions to which to commit and often feel overwhelmed, anxious, and unfulfilled.

Foreclosure

planned since childhood and not change

Individuals who are foreclosed in their identity have adopted beliefs and values without question that are often imposed upon them by authority figures. Their belief system is generally carried forward from childhood into adulthood without challenge.

Identity diffusion

(dont rlly care)

Individuals who are identity diffused lack commitment and meaningful exploration. They may drift from one endeavor to another and fail to integrate a sense of purpose and direction.

identity stressor: gender dysphoria, a feeling of incongruity between one’s gender identity and assigned sex at birth; being laid off, downsized, or losing one’s career; separation, divorce, or death of a spouse; or being marginalized or discriminated against because of race or ethnicity

→ identity confusion