The preterite tense

General Notes on the Preterite Tense

  • The preterite is used for actions that are completed in the past, typically with a definite beginning and end.
  • It answers the question: "What happened?"

Regular Verbs

  • Regular verbs in Spanish have distinct endings for each of the three groups: -ar, -er, and -ir.

Preterite Endings for Regular Verbs

-ar Verbs
  • yo: é
  • : aste
  • él/ella/Ud.: ó
  • nosotros: amos
  • vosotros: asteis
  • ellos/Uds: aron
-er / -ir Verbs
  • yo: í
  • : iste
  • él/ella/Ud.: ió
  • nosotros: imos
  • vosotros: isteis
  • ellos/Uds: ieron

Irregular Preterite Verbs: Meanings & Conjugations

  • ir = to go
  • ser = to be
  • Both verbs share identical forms in the preterite tense.

Irregular Preterite Conjugations for 'ir' and 'ser'

PronounForm
yofui
fuiste
él/ella/Udfue
nosotrosfuimos
vosotrosfuisteis
ellos/Udsfueron
  • dar = to give
  • hacer = to do, make
Conjugations for 'dar' and 'hacer'
Pronoundarhacer
yodihice
distehiciste
él/ella/Uddiohizo
nosotrosdimoshicimos
vosotrosdisteishicisteis
ellos/Udsdieronhicieron

More Irregular Preterite Verbs & Their Roots

  • The following verbs use special, unique bases (stems) in the preterite tense and share a special set of endings which are as follows: e, iste, o, imos, isteis, ieron/eron for decir and traer

Irregular Verb Stems and Their Conjugations

VerbStemyo formtú formél/ella/Udnosotrosvosotrosellos/Uds
tenertuv-tuvetuvistetuvotuvimostuvisteistuvieron
estarestu-estuveestuvisteestuvoestuvimosestuvisteisestuvieron
decirdij-dijedijistedijodijimosdijisteisdijeron
quererquis-quisequisistequisoquisimosquisisteisquisieron
poderpud-pudepudistepudopudimospudisteispudieron
sabersup-supesupistesuposupimossupisteissupieron
ponerpus-pusepusistepusopusimospusisteispusieron
venirvin-vinevinistevinovinimosvinisteisvinieron
traertraj-trajetrajistetrajotrajimostrajisteistrajeron

Preterite of Regular -er and -ir Verbs

  • Regular -er and -ir verbs are conjugated using the standard endings.

Examples of Regular Verbs in the Preterite

  • comer (to eat):

    • yo: comí
    • tú: comiste
    • él/ella/Ud.: comió
    • nosotros: comimos
    • vosotros: comisteis
    • ellos/Uds: comieron
  • vivir (to live):

    • yo: viví
    • tú: viviste
    • él/ella/Ud.: vivió
    • nosotros: vivimos
    • vosotros: vivisteis
    • ellos/Uds: vivieron

Quick Reference of Stem Changes in Preterite

  • Many irregular preterite verbs undergo root changes before the addition of regular endings.

Accent Notes

  • Most irregular forms in the preterite do not use written accents.