-Isms Unit

Time Period: Late 18th Century-19c (So late 1700s- to the 1800s)

Ideologies:

  • Things that are mostly ideas

Three Sections (Units)

1st Unit: Ideas about the role of governments

Subsections:

  • Nationalism

  • Liberalism

  • Conservatism

Nationalism

  • Patriotic

  • “Like people, ruling like people”

    • Imperialism

    • Could relate to religion

    • Also be like related to money situation and social classes

Liberalism

  • Change

    • Liberty, equality, freedom

  • Nationalism and Liberalism are connected (most of the time)

    • (Examples) French Revolutions

    • Revolutions of 1830 and 1848

Revolutions of 1830:

  • Nationalistic and Liberal movements (Like the F.R.)

  • “Romantic Nationalist” movement

  • Belgium broke away from the Netherlands

  • July Revolution in France “2nd French Revolution”

    • Get rid of the king

Revolutions of 1848:

  • Revolts against monarchies

    • France (3rd time)

    • Germany

    • Italy

    • Austria

  • failed -why? it was just an idea

  • Outcome= liberal hurt/widespread confusion with the liberals

Conservatism

  • Keep things the way they were

  • The opposite of Liberalism

  • It also means tradition

  • Created as a reaction to Lib./French Revolution

  • Ex:

    • Congress of Vienna

      • From the Napoleonic Wars

      • All the people who lost to Napoleon

      • If you lost land, you got it back

      • And if you lost power, you got it back

  • Whole goal was to reestablish peace and stability in Europe

2nd Section:

  • Intellectual/Artistic/ Literature Movements

  1. Romanticism

  2. Realism

Romanticism

  • Late 18th century

  • Linked to Liberalism and Nationalism

    • Early support of the French Rev.

  • “Dreaming/ Better”

    Characteristics:

    • Nature

    • Emotion

    • Individual

    • Inspiration

Art Pieces

  • Wandering Above the Sea of Fog- Caspar David Friedrich, 1818

  • The Dreamer- Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835

  • An Avalanche in the Alps- Philip James Loutherberg

  • Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishops Ground

  • Cloister Cemetery in the Snow Caspar David Friedrich

Realism

  • The opposite of Romanticism

  • Present stuff truthfully

  • Not exotic

  • Not glorified

  • Not supernatural elements

Part 3

Economic Systems:

There are only 3 isms

  1. Capitalism

  2. Socialism

  3. Communism

Capitalism

  • Make as money as much or as little as you are able to

  • Investors

  • America has capitalism

  • Capitalism was created out of laissez-faire

  • Industrial Revolution

Socialism

  • It is the idea that the government owns major industries, but individuals can own small businesses

  • The government would own the factories(Industrial Revolution)

    • From the this idea, that the government would take care of individuals, the idea of Utopian Socialism came about.

    • Idea that Capitalists (investors/owner) would surrender the means of production to the people/government

Communism

  • Created by Carl Marx and Engles

    • Sometimes called Marxism

  • Everything is owned by the government

    • Idea that everything and everyone is equal

  • Everything should be shared=income/money

  • Everything is government controlled

  • Communism and Socialism was a reaction against the industrial revolution

Books:

  • The Wealth of Nations- Adam Smith

    • Smith was known as the “Father of Capitalism”, Talking about it before it was even a thing

    • Free trade and market

    • Bible Capitalism

    • Wrote in the 1700s

    • Talked about Supply and Demand

    • The Invisible Hand- “Laws of supply and demand-this helps dictate the price”

  • Communist Manifesto- Engles and Marx

    • “The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Workingmen of all countries, unite.”

      • They have a role to win, and nothing to lose. Make this change

    • Marxism- working class to overthrow capitalism

    • Class system goes away, since everyone and everything is equal

  • The Duties of Man by Mazzini

    • Related to nationalism

    • Italian politician (why he really stresses nationalism)

    • Basically talking about the unification of Italy, since everyone is trying to take it over.

      • Italy was separate states many dominated by foreign powers)

    • What are a man’s duties?

      • Duty to God

      • Humanity

      • Fatherland(for progress)

      • Family (self sacrifice for family)