Marathi Grade VIII Extensive Study Guide 2026-27 Comprehensive Study Guide and Worksheet Notes

Reading Comprehension: The Hardworking Farmer

• Passage Content: Once there was a farmer who was very hardworking ($कष्टाळू$). He would wake up early every morning to work in his field. He took great pride in his hard work. One day, he found a bird lying in his field in an injured state ($जखमी अवस्थेत$). The farmer took care of the bird and nursed it back to health. After a few days, the bird flew away. The farmer was very happy.
• Related Questions and Answers:
  • Q: How was the farmer? ($शेतकरी कसा होता?$)
  • A: The farmer was very hardworking ($कष्टाळू$).
  • Q: What did the farmer do every day? ($शेतकरी रोज काय करायचा?$)
  • A: He woke up early every day and worked in the field ($रोज सकाळी लवकर उठून शेतात काम करायचा$).
  • Q: What did the farmer see in the field? ($शेतात शेतकऱ्याला काय दिसले?$)
  • A: He saw an injured bird ($एक पक्षी जखमी अवस्थेत पडलेला दिसला$).
  • Q: What did the farmer do for the bird? ($शेतकऱ्याने पक्षासाठी काय केले?$)
  • A: He took care of the bird and healed it ($पक्ष्याची काळजी घेतली आणि त्याला बरे केले$).
  • Q: What is the moral of this passage? ($या उताऱ्याचा बोध काय आहे?$)
  • A: Kindness and hard work lead to happiness (Help others in need).

Reading Comprehension: Sneha and School Cleanliness

• Passage Content: Sneha was an intelligent ($हुशार$) and disciplined ($शिस्तप्रिय$) girl. She went to school on time every day. She loved cleanliness ($स्वच्छता$). One day, she saw plastic waste lying on the school playground. She gathered her friends, and together they cleaned the ground. The Principal ($मुख्याध्यापक$) appreciated their work. From that day on, the students pledged ($संकल्प$) to keep the school clean.
• English Translation Provided in Transcript: Sneha was an intelligent and disciplined girl. She went to school on time every day. She liked cleanliness very much. One day, she saw plastic waste lying on the school playground. She called her friends together, and they all cleaned the playground. The principal appreciated their work. From that day onwards, the students pledged to keep their school clean.
• Related Questions:
  • Q: How was Sneha? ($स्नेहा कशी मुलगी होती?$)
  • A: Intelligent and disciplined ($हुशार आणि शिस्तप्रिय$).
  • Q: What did Sneha like? ($स्नेहाला कोणती आवड होती?$)
  • A: Cleanliness ($स्वच्छता$).
  • Q: What did Sneha see on the playground? ($स्नेहाने मैदानात काय पाहिले?$)
  • A: Plastic waste ($प्लास्टिकचा कचरा$).
  • Q: What did Sneha and her friends do? ($स्नेहा आणि तिच्या मित्रांनी काय केले?$)
  • A: They cleaned the playground together ($सर्वांनी मिळून मैदान स्वच्छ केले$).
  • Q: What pledge did the students make? ($विद्यार्थ्यांनी कोणता संकल्प केला?$)
  • A: To keep the school clean ($शाळा स्वच्छ ठेवण्याचा संकल्प$).

Reading Comprehension: The Importance of Reading ($वाचनाचे महत्त्व$)

• Passage Content: Reading is an effective means ($प्रभावी साधन$) of gaining knowledge. We get information on various subjects through books. Reading increases thinking capacity ($विचारशक्ती$) and provides mastery over language ($भाषेवर प्रभुत्व$). Regular reading enriches vocabulary ($शब्दसंग्रह समृद्ध होतो$). It also helps in increasing imagination ($कल्पनाशक्ती$) and creativity ($सर्जनशीलता$). Reading aids personality development and builds self-confidence ($आत्मविश्वास$). Many great people consider reading the "key to success" ($यशाचे गमक$). Therefore, everyone should reserve some time daily for reading.
• Related Questions:
  • Q: Reading is an effective means of what? ($वाचन कशाचे प्रभावी साधन आहे?$)
  • A: Gaining knowledge ($ज्ञान मिळवण्याचे$).
  • Q: What do we get through books? ($पुस्तकांच्या माध्यमातून आपल्याला काय मिळते?$)
  • A: Information on various subjects ($विविध विषयांची माहिती$).
  • Q: Which two things increase through reading? ($वाचनामुळे कोणत्या दोन गोष्टी वाढतात?$)
  • A: Thinking capacity and language mastery ($विचारशक्ती आणि भाषेवर प्रभुत्व$) or Imagination and Creativity ($कल्पनाशक्ती आणि सर्जनशीलता$).
  • Q: What benefit do we get from reading regularly? ($नियमित वाचन केल्याने कोणता लाभ होतो?$)
  • A: Vocabulary becomes rich, personality develops, and confidence increases.
  • Q: What have many great people considered reading to be the key to? ($अनेक महान व्यक्तींनी वाचनाला कशाचे गमक मानले आहे?$)
  • A: Success ($यशाचे$).

Reading Comprehension: Environmental Protection ($पर्यावरणाचे संरक्षण$)

• Passage Content: Protecting the environment is the responsibility of every citizen. The environment is under threat due to increasing pollution ($प्रदूषण$), deforestation ($वृक्षतोड$), and the excess of plastic. This causes pollution of air, water, and soil. Natural habitats of many animals and birds are being destroyed. Due to the imbalance in environmental equilibrium, weather changes ($हवामानात बदल$) are occurring. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to plant trees, reduce plastic use, save water and electricity, and maintain cleanliness.
• Related Questions:
  • Q: Whose responsibility is it to protect the environment? ($पर्यावरणाचे संरक्षण करणे कोणाची जबाबदारी आहे?$)
  • A: Every citizen ($प्रत्येक नागरिकाची$).
  • Q: Why is the environment under threat? ($पर्यावरणाला धोका कशामुळे निर्माण झाला आहे?$)
  • A: Increasing pollution, deforestation, and plastic excess ($वाढते प्रदूषण, वृक्षतोड आणि प्लास्टिकचा अतिरेक$).
  • Q: What effect is being caused on the balance of the environment? ($पर्यावरणाच्या संतुलनावर कोणता परिणाम होत आहे?$)
  • A: Changes in weather/climate ($हवामानात बदल$).
  • Q: What measures have been suggested for environmental protection? ($पर्यावरण संरक्षणासाठी कोणते उपाय सांगितले आहेत?$)
  • A: Planting trees ($झाडे लावणे$), reducing plastic, saving water/electricity, and maintaining cleanliness.

Types of Sentences ($वाक्याचे प्रकार$)

• Definition of Tense/Context ($काळ$): The form of the verb indicates when an action takes place, has taken place, or will take place.
• 1. Assertive Sentence / Declarative Sentence ($विधानार्थी वाक्य$): A sentence that makes a statement or gives information.
  • Example: Ram goes to school. ($राम शाळेत जातो.$)
  • Example: I study every day. ($मी रोज अभ्यास करतो.$)
• 2. Interrogative Sentence ($प्रश्नार्थी वाक्य$): A sentence that asks a question.
  • Example: Do you go to school? ($तू शाळेत जातोस का?$)
  • Example: Where are you going? ($तू कुठे जात आहेस?$)
• 3. Exclamatory Sentence ($उद्गारार्थी वाक्य$): A sentence expressing feelings like joy, sorrow, or surprise.
  • Example: Wow! What a beautiful view! ($अरे वा! किती सुंदर दृश्य आहे!$)
  • Example: How beautiful a flower it is! ($किती सुंदर फूल आहे!$)
• 4. Imperative Sentence ($आज्ञार्थी वाक्य$): A sentence that gives an order, request, or suggestion.
  • Example: Please sit quietly. ($कृपया शांत बसा.$)
  • Example: Close the door. ($दार बंद कर.$)

Adverbs ($क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय$)

• Definition: An adverb is a word that gives more information about a verb ($जे अव्यय क्रियापदाबद्दल अधिक माहिती सांगते, त्याला क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय म्हणतात$).
• Examples and Applications:
  • Sagar runs fast. ($सागर वेगाने धावतो.$)
  • She walks slowly. ($ती हळूहळू चालते.$)
  • Birds fly high. ($पक्षी उंच उडतात.$)
  • Students came to school early. ($विद्यार्थी लवकर शाळेत आले.$)
  • He always speaks the truth. ($तो नेहमी सत्य बोलतो.$)
  • We went on a trip yesterday. ($आम्ही काल सहलीला गेलो.$)
  • Children are playing outside. ($मुले बाहेर खेळत आहेत.$)
• Identification Practice:
  • He walks slowly ($हळू$).
  • She sings very nicely ($खूप$).
  • I will come tomorrow ($उद्या$).
  • He left immediately ($लगेच$).

Grammar: Conjunctions and Prepositions

• Conjunctions ($उभयान्वयी अव्यय$):
  • Definition: A word that joins two words, phrases, or sentences ($दोन शब्द, वाक्ये किंवा वाक्यांश यांना जोडणाऱ्या अव्ययाला उभयान्वयी अव्यय म्हणतात$).
  • Examples: and ($आणि$), but ($पण$), or ($किंवा$), because ($कारण$), so/therefore ($म्हणून$), otherwise ($नाहीतर$).
  • Sample Sentences:
    • Ram and Shyam are friends. ($राम आणि श्याम मित्र आहेत.$)
    • He is smart but lazy. ($तो हुशार आहे पण आळशी आहे.$)
    • Study or you will fail. ($अभ्यास कर नाहीतर नापास होशील.$)
    • Choose tea or coffee. ($चहा किंवा कॉफी यांपैकी एक निवडा.$)
    • I worked hard, so I succeeded. ($मी मेहनत केली म्हणून यश मिळाले.$)
• Prepositions ($शब्दयोगी अव्यय$):
  • Definition: A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word in a sentence ($नाम किंवा सर्वनाम यांचा वाक्यातील इतर शब्दांशी संबंध दाखवणाऱ्या अव्ययाला शब्दयोगी अव्यय म्हणतात$).
  • Examples: inside/in ($मध्ये$), on ($वर$), below/under ($खाली$), near ($जवळ$), in front ($समोर$), behind ($मागे$), for ($साठी$), with ($सोबत$), under/guidance ($खाली$), towards ($कडे$).
  • Sample Sentences:
    • The book is on the table. ($पुस्तक टेबलावर आहे.$)
    • We went to the riverbank. ($आम्ही नदीच्या काठावर फिरायला गेलो.$)
    • Under the guidance of teachers. ($शिक्षकांच्या मार्गदर्शनाखाली...$)
    • He participated with friends. ($तो मित्रांसोबत स्पर्धेत सहभागी झाला.$)
    • The book is kept in the cupboard. ($पुस्तक कपाटामध्ये ठेवले आहे.$)

Tense ($काळ$)

• Definition: The form of the verb that tells the time an action occurs ($क्रियापदावरून क्रिया कोणत्या वेळी घडते हे कळते, त्याला काळ म्हणतात$).
• Types of Tenses:
  • 1. Present Tense ($वर्तमानकाळ$): The action happens now.
    • Example: Ram goes to school ($राम शाळेत जातो$).
    • Example: The teacher is explaining the lesson ($शिक्षक धडा समजावून सांगत आहेत$).
  • 2. Past Tense ($भूतकाळ$): The action happened previously.
    • Example: Ram went to school ($राम शाळेत गेला$).
    • Example: We visited the museum yesterday ($आम्ही काल संग्रहालयाला भेट दिली$).
    • Example: I was reading a book ($मी पुस्तक वाचत होतो$).
  • 3. Future Tense ($भविष्यकाळ$): The action will happen in the future.
    • Example: Ram will go to school ($राम शाळेत जाईल$).
    • Example: Students will participate in the science exhibition ($विद्यार्थी विज्ञान प्रदर्शनात सहभागी होतील$).
    • Example: Students will give exams tomorrow ($विद्यार्थी उद्या परीक्षा देतील$).

Gender and Number ($लिंग व वचन$)

• Gender ($लिंग$): Indicates if a noun is male, female, or neuter.
  • Categories:
    • Masculine ($पुल्लिङ्ग$)
    • Feminine ($स्त्रीलिङ्ग$)
    • Neuter ($नपुंसकलिंग$)
  • Conversion Examples:
    • King ($राजा$) → Queen ($राणी$)
    • Tiger ($वाघ$) → Tigress ($वाघीण$)
    • Boy ($मुलगा$) → Girl ($मुलगी$)
    • Horse ($घोडा$) → Mare ($घोडी$)
    • Male Teacher ($शिक्षक$) → Female Teacher ($शिक्षिका$)
    • Groom ($नवरदेव$) → Bride ($नवरी$)
    • Bull ($बैल$) → Cow ($गाय$)
  • Identification Examples:
    • Book ($पुस्तक$) → Neuter
    • Mother ($आई$) → Feminine
    • Tree ($झाड$) → Neuter
    • Rabbit ($ससा$) → Masculine
    • Home ($घर$) → Neuter
    • Hen ($कोंबडी$) → Feminine
• Number ($वचन$): Indicates singular ($एकवचन$) or plural ($अनेकवचन$).
  • Conversion Examples:
    • Boy ($मुलगा$) → Boys ($मुले$)
    • Flower ($फूल$) → Flowers ($फुले$)
    • Book ($पुस्तक$) → Books ($पुस्तके$)
    • River ($नदी$) → Rivers ($नद्या$)
    • Tree ($झाड$) → Trees ($झाडे$)
    • Bird ($पक्षी$) → Birds ($पक्षी$) [No change]
    • School ($शाळा$) → Schools ($शाळा$) [No change]
  • Identification Examples: Boys ($मुले$) → Plural; House ($घर$) → Singular; Books ($पुस्तके$) → Plural; Cow ($गाय$) → Singular; Rivers ($नद्या$) → Plural.

Synonyms and Antonyms ($समानार्थी व विरुद्धार्थी शब्द$)

• Synonyms ($समानार्थी शब्द$):
  • Joy ($आनंद$) → $हर्ष, उल्हास$
  • School ($शाळा$) → $विद्यालय$
  • Water ($पाणी$) → $जल$
  • Sun ($सूर्य$) → $रवि$
  • Earth ($पृथ्वी$) → $धरणी$
  • King ($राजा$) → $नृप$
  • Boy/Son ($मुलगा$) → $पुत्र$
  • House ($घर$) → $गृह$
  • Night ($रात्र$) → $निशा, यामिनी$
  • Sea/Ocean ($समुद्र$) → $सागर$
  • Teacher ($शिक्षक$) → $गुरु, अध्यापक$
  • Student ($विद्यार्थी$) → $शिष्य$
  • Morning ($सकाळ$) → $प्रभात, उषःकाल$
  • Sorrow/Sadness ($दुःख$) → $खेद, शोक$
  • Wealth ($धन$) → $संपत्ती, वित्त$
  • Enemy ($शत्रू$) → $वैरी, रिपू$
  • Body ($शरीर$) → $देह, काया$
• Antonyms ($विरुद्धार्थी शब्द$):
  • Big ($मोठा$) ∕ Small ($लहान$)
  • Day ($दिवस$) ∕ Night ($रात्र$)
  • Joy ($आनंद$) ∕ Sorrow ($दुःख$)
  • Tall ($उंच$) ∕ Short ($ठेंगणा$)
  • Near ($जवळ$) ∕ Far ($दूर$)
  • Black ($काळा$) ∕ White ($पांढरा$)
  • New ($नवीन$) ∕ Old ($जुना$\/$जून$)
  • Truth ($सत्य$) ∕ Falsehood ($असत्य$)
  • Rich ($श्रीमंत$) ∕ Poor ($गरीब$)
  • Friend ($मित्र$) ∕ Enemy ($शत्रू$)
  • Victory ($विजय$) ∕ Defeat ($पराजय$)
  • Courage ($धैर्य$) ∕ Cowardice ($भित्रपणा$)
  • Love ($प्रेम$) ∕ Hatred ($द्वेष$)
  • Peace ($शांती$) ∕ Unrest ($अशांती$)
  • Profit ($लाभ$) ∕ Loss ($हानी$)
  • Life ($जीवन$) ∕ Death ($मरण$)
  • Light ($उजेड$) ∕ Darkness ($अंधार$)
  • Proper ($योग्य$) ∕ Improper ($अयोग्य$)
  • Humble ($नम्र$) ∕ Rude ($उद्धट$)
  • Honest ($प्रामाणिक$) ∕ Dishonest ($अप्रामाणिक$)

Marathi Numbers ($मराठी अंक १ ते ६०$)

• Numbers $1-10$:
  • $1$: $एक$; $2$: $दोन$; $3$: $तीन$; $4$: $चार$; $5$: $पाच$; $6$: $सहा$; $7$: $सात$; $8$: $आठ$; $9$: $नऊ$; $10$: $दहा$
• Numbers $11-20$:
  • $11$: $अकरा$; $12$: $बारा$; $13$: $तेरा$; $14$: $चौदा$; $15$: $पंधरा$; $16$: $सोळा$; $17$: $सतरा$; $18$: $अठरा$; $19$: $एकोणीस$; $20$: $वीस$
• Numbers $21-30$:
  • $21$: $एकवीस$; $22$: $बावीस$; $23$: $तेवीस$; $24$: $चोवीस$; $25$: $पंचवीस$; $26$: $सव्वीस$; $27$: $सत्तावीस$; $28$: $अठ्ठावीस$; $29$: $एकोणतीस$; $30$: $तीस$
• Numbers $31-40$:
  • $31$: $एकतीस$; $32$: $बत्तीस$; $33$: $तेहतीस$; $34$: $चौतीस$; $35$: $पस्तीस$; $36$: $छत्तीस$; $37$: $सडतीस$; $38$: $अडतीस$; $39$: $एकोणचाळीस$; $40$: $चाळीस$
• Numbers $41-50$:
  • $41$: $एकेचाळीस$; $42$: $बेचाळीस$; $43$: $त्रेंचाळीस$; $44$: $चव्वेचाळीस$; $45$: $पंचेचाळीस$; $46$: $सेहेचाळीस$; $47$: $सत्तेचाळीस$; $48$: $अठ्ठेचाळीस$; $49$: $एकोणपन्नास$; $50$: $पन्नास$
• Numbers $51-60$:
  • $51$: $एक्कावन$; $52$: $बावन्न$; $53$: $त्रेपन्न$; $54$: $चौपन्न$; $55$: $पंचावन्न$; $56$: $छपन्न$; $57$: $सत्तावन्न$; $58$: $अठ्ठावन्न$; $59$: $एकोणसाठ$; $60$: $साठ$
• Numbers $61-70$ (Specific Values):
  • $61$: $एकसष्ट$; $62$: $बासष्ट$; $63$: $त्रेसष्ट$; $64$: $चौसष्ट$; $65$: $पासष्ट$; $67$: $सदुसष्ट$; $68$: $अडुसष्ट$; $69$: $एकोणसत्तर$; $70$: $सत्तर$

Story Writing ($कथालेखन$)

The Cap-seller and the Monkeys ($टोपीवाला आणि माकडे$)

• Summary: A cap-seller was traveling between villages to sell caps ($टोप्या$). In the afternoon, he sat under a tree ($झाड$) to rest and fell asleep ($झोप$). Monkeys ($माकडे$) on the tree took his caps and put them on their heads ($डोक्यावर$). When he woke up and saw his caps missing, he realized the monkeys had them. He had an idea; he threw his own cap on the ground ($फेकली$). The monkeys imitated him and threw their caps down too. He collected them and left happily.
• Moral ($तात्पर्य$): Crises can be overcome with presence of mind ($प्रसंगावधान$) and cleverness ($चातुर्य$).

The Thirsty Crow ($तहानलेला कावळा$)

• Summary: A thirsty crow ($कावळा$) was searching for water. He found a pot ($घागर$), but there was very little water ($पाणी$) in it, and his beak could not reach it. He had a clever idea ($युक्ती$); he started dropping small stones ($दगड$) into the pot. Slowly, the water level ($पातळी$) rose. The crow drank the water and satisfied his thirst.
• Moral ($तात्पर्य$): Success is achieved through effort ($प्रयत्न केल्यास यश मिळते$).