Act 1, Scene 2

Important Quotes

  • “An auspicious and a dropping eye”

  The metaphor implies mixed emotions

  • “Your better wisdom”

  Use of flattery. Pronoun suggests togetherness + unity. He seems selfless + considerate.

  • “Take thy fair hour”

  Thy is familiar, intimate. Suggests he's connecting with those around him

  • “Have you your father’s leave? What says Polonius?”

  Makes a point to ask Polonius a question, suggesting empathy and consideration.

  • “Giving to you no further personal power / to business with the king…”

  Diplomatic language, seems knowledgeable and intelligent

  • “A little more than kin, and less than kind”

  Our closest relatives often treat us the worst

  • “How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable”

  Listing, he questions if his mothers emotions to his father were ever sincere

  • “He might not between the winds of heaven / Visit her face too roughly”

  Metaphor/biblical imagery, Old Hamlet loves Gertrude so much that he wouldn't let any harm come to her

  • “Frailty, thy name is woman!”

  Noun/personification - she is weak as a woman

  • “A beast, that wants discourse of reason, would have mourn’d longer”

  Suggests that a beast who couldn't speak would be sadder than Gertrude

  • “No more like my father than I to Hercules”

  He dislikes his uncle and views him as the antithesis of his father

  • “Salt of the most unrighteous tears”

  Metaphor, refers to how quickly she married Claudius

  • “Incestuous sheets!”

  Metaphor- talks about how quickly she moved on

Context

  • Hamlet was performed in the final years of Elizabeth’s reign (1558-1603), a time of political uncertainty and fear, which parallels the mood and events of the play.
  • There was uncertainty about who her heir would be, however her most likely heir was James 1 (who later did become her successor) which was a problematic decision as his mother was Mary Queen of Scots, who previously tried to get Elizabeth killed.
  • By setting the play in Denmark, Shakespeare was able to avoid the ‘Bishops Ban’ of 1599 which allowed a number of prominent English Bishops to ban plays that they believed were blasphemous or dangerous.
  • Shakespeare found this loophole which allowed him to speak about such controversial issues without the play being banned.
  • Mary Queen of Scots may have influenced Gertrude's character as she also failed to observe a proper mourning period, following her husband's death, as she married the man thought to have killed her husband

Critics

  • “Claudius shows every sign of being an excellent diplomat and King” (Knight)