In-depth Notes on Progressivism and Upcoming Class Details

  • Prayer and Gratitude

    • Students gather for prayer, expressing thanks for the opportunity to learn at the university.
    • Emphasis on the importance of completing coursework and having peace through faith.

  • Exam Announcement

    • First exam initially scheduled for next Thursday is postponed to the following Tuesday (March 4).
    • Expectation that more material can be covered before the exam.

  • Presentations and Paper Submission

    • Students have selected topics and books; schedules for presentations will be sent out via email.
    • Early submission of papers is permitted.
    • Presentations likely scheduled before the papers are due to manage class time effectively.

  • Discussion on Progressivism

    • The class continues its exploration of the roots of progressivism.
    • Highlights the socio-economic context of progressive reformers:
    • Middle-class reformers pressurized by wealthy monopolies and the working class.
    • Two Primary Goals of Progressivism:
    1. Curbing the Power of Monopolies:
      • Trust monopolies held excessive influence and needed regulation.
    2. Improving Conditions for the Working Class:
      • Push government action to restore balance for the working class, often feeling marginalized.

  • Progressives Mentioned:

    • Introduction of three leading progressives:
    • Harold Johnson and Robert LaFollette: Candidates known for their connections to reforms such as women's suffrage.
    • Charles Evans Hughes: A more conservative figure with a significant career trajectory including roles as governor, Supreme Court Justice, and Secretary of State.

  • Key Female Figures in the Progressive Movement:

    • Jane Addams: Focused on urban women's issues and established settlement houses to support women.
    • Francis Willard: Leader of the Women's Temperance Union advocating against alcohol due to its effects on families.
    • Alcohol abuse as a major social concern tied to domestic violence.
    • Carry Nation: Known for physical activism against saloons as part of the temperance movement.

  • Women's Suffrage Movement

    • Women sought rights to vote for reform and improvement of societal issues.
    • Important figures: Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, Ivy Wells Barnett, and Alice Paul.
    • Increasing visibility of issues such as alcohol abuse led to advocacy around voting rights.

  • Methods Advocated by Progressives:

    • Direct voter involvement through legislation supporting:
    • Recalls: Allowing voters to remove elected officials before terms end.
    • Referenda: Voting directly on proposed laws or amendments.
    • Initiatives: Citizens petitioning for new laws.
    • Other methods included addressing corruption and ensuring fair practices in government.
    • Direct Primaries: Voters select nominees for elections instead of party conventions.

  • Significance of Legislative Actions:

    • Progressive initiatives focused on creating a government responsive to the public's needs and reducing the influence of wealth in politics, aiming for ethical governance.
    • Notable focus areas included gerrymandering and ensuring fair voting districts to protect minority voices.

  • Conclusion

    • Reminder of the postponed exam and encouragement to engage further with the material for better understanding.
    • Progressives had a significant impact on political processes and social reforms in early 20th America, advocating for women's rights, reducing corruption, and addressing socio-economic disparities.