Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Science (Biology) in One Shot | BYJU'S - Class 8
Welcome to Grade 6, 7, and 8 Channel
Topic: Reaching the age of adolescence
Goal: Cover the chapter in one session
Importance of having notebooks, pens, textbooks, and water bottles ready
Channel hit 50,000 subscribers
Celebrating the achievement
Setting new targets: 100,000 or 60,000 subscribers
Requesting feedback from viewers
Requesting likes on the video
Checking if audio, video, and screen are visible to viewers
Welcoming new viewers and encouraging them to subscribe
Addressing doubts and clarifying that they will be addressed later
Teaching in a different way than in the textbook
Teaching as a story to make it easier to understand
Starting with the basics of life and formation of embryos
Explaining the structure of cells and the presence of chromosomes
Noting that every organism has a fixed number of chromosomes
Humans have 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
Note: The transcript has been edited for clarity and conciseness.
Chromosomes come from both the father and the mother
There are 46 chromosomes in total, 23 from each parent
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are common among all individuals
These pairs are common for both males and females
These pairs are known as autosomes
The difference between males and females lies in the last pair of chromosomes
The last pair is known as the s** chromosome
The s** chromosome determines the gender of the individual
It determines whether the individual will be a boy or a girl
The last pair of chromosomes is what makes the difference in observed gender
The s** of a baby is determined by the presence of either XX or XY chromosomes.
44 plus XY indicates a male, while 44 plus XX indicates a female.
S** is determined during fertilization when one chromosome comes out of each parent.
Males and females both have 46 chromosomes.
Gametes are reproductive cells, and they have only 23 chromosomes.
Ovum (female gamete) has 22 plus X chromosomes.
Sperm (male gamete) can have 22 plus X or 22 plus Y chromosomes.
Fusion of the sperm and egg during fertilization results in a zygote with 46 chromosomes.
The s** of the baby is determined during this fusion.
If the sperm has an X chromosome, the baby will be female (44 plus XX).
If the sperm has a Y chromosome, the baby will be male (44 plus XY).
S** determination is the process of determining the s** of a baby.
It is important to understand the concept of s** determination for further studies.
The chart showing the fusion of different gametes helps in understanding s** determination.
If the sperm with an X chromosome fuses with the egg, the baby will be female (44 plus XX).
If the sperm with a Y chromosome fuses with the egg, the baby will be male (44 plus XY).
Students can ask doubts and seek clarification on the topic of s** determination.
The speaker encourages students to ask questions and clarifies doubts.
A student asks if being stereotypical is okay.
The speaker explains that being stereotypical is not the intention and clarifies the use of a specific pen.
The speaker explains the concept of twins.
Identical twins and fraternal twins are formed during fertilization.
Twins can occur when two sperms fuse with two eggs or when the zygote splits into half.
The speaker mentions that this topic is related to mitosis and meiosis.
The speaker defines transgender individuals.
Transgender individuals may be born as one gender but identify as the opposite gender.
The speaker emphasizes that most individuals are born as either a boy or a girl.
The speaker asks the students how many stages of life there are.
Students provide various answers, and the speaker confirms that there are four stages.
The stages of life are infancy, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age, and old age.
The speaker explains the purpose of having multiple stages of life.
Different changes and developments occur at each stage.
Adulthood is important for reproduction.
Infancy is the phase of life when a person is born as an infant or a young baby.
During infancy, many parts of the body are not fully developed.
The body undergoes various changes and development during this stage.
Childhood is the stage after infancy.
The body is still incapable of reproduction during childhood.
Brain development occurs during the transition from infancy to childhood.
Adolescence is the phase between childhood and adulthood.
It is often referred to as the teenage years, spanning from 13 to 19 years of age.
Reproductive development starts during adolescence.
The body and mind become capable of reproduction in adulthood.
Adolescence is the transitional stage between childhood and adulthood.
During adolescence, individuals attain reproductive or sexual maturity.
Puberty is the point in life where the body becomes sexually mature.
Puberty is a part of adolescence.
Puberty can occur at different ages for different individuals.
Puberty can range from 10 to 14 years of age.
It is normal for individuals to experience puberty at different times.
Puberty is the time of life where an individual attains sexual maturity.
Adolescence is the time period between childhood and adulthood.
Puberty and adolescence are different concepts.
Puberty is a part of adolescence.
Puberty is the point in life where the body becomes sexually mature.
Changes during adolescence can be categorized into three types: physical changes, emotional changes, and secondary sexual changes.
Physical changes refer to the changes in the body during adolescence.
Emotional changes refer to the changes in emotions and feelings during adolescence.
Secondary sexual changes refer to the development of sexual characteristics such as breast development in females and facial hair growth in males.
Secondary sexual changes are the development of sexual characteristics during adolescence.
Examples of secondary sexual changes include breast development in females and facial hair growth in males.
Puberty and adolescence are different concepts.
Puberty is the point in life where the body becomes sexually mature.
Adolescence is the time period between childhood and adulthood.
Changes during adolescence include physical, emotional, and secondary sexual changes.
Physical changes refer to observable features or physical structures of the body.
Physical changes are easy to observe and include changes in height and shape.
Increase in height is the first change observed in physical changes.
Elongation of bones occurs during puberty, resulting in taller stature.
Growth hormone regulates the elongation of bones.
Rate of increase in height differs between boys and girls.
Girls experience rapid growth initially, while boys have slower growth.
Maximum height depends on genetic characters inherited from parents.
Change in shape is another physical change observed.
Boys experience broadening of shoulders and chest region.
Girls experience widening of the hip region.
Broad shoulders in boys accommodate more muscles and allow for increased chest space for inhaling air.
Widening of hips in girls is related to the development of the reproductive system.
Growth spurt is observed during the initial phases of growth.
Growth hormone is produced in large amounts during this period.
Growth spurt is characterized by a sudden increase in height.
Height is primarily determined by genetic characters inherited from parents.
Other factors may have a minor influence on height but cannot significantly increase or decrease it.
Maximum height is attained during adolescence and varies among individuals.
Change in shape is observed differently in boys and girls.
Boys experience broadening of shoulders and chest region.
Girls experience widening of the hip region.
These changes are related to muscle development and reproductive system development.
Voice is different in males and females
Males have deep pitched and sometimes hoarse voice
Females have high pitched and sometimes shrill voice
Voice box (larynx) development causes the difference in voice
Adam's Apple is a protrusion in the voice box found only in boys
Voice may crack or become hoarse during puberty
Glands are groups of cells that secrete chemical substances
Sweat glands produce sweat, sebaceous glands produce sebum (oil)
Increased activity during adolescence leads to excessive sweating and oily skin
Clogged sebaceous glands can result in pimples and acne
Adolescence can be a scary phase with many changes happening in the body
It's important to understand that these changes are normal and happen to everyone
Love and accept your body no matter what
Physical changes include voice change and increased activity of sweat and sebaceous glands
Voice change is due to the development of the voice box (larynx) and the presence of Adam's Apple in boys
Increased activity of sweat glands leads to excessive sweating, while sebaceous glands produce more oil, resulting in oily skin
Clogged sebaceous glands can cause pimples and acne
Emotional changes during adolescence can be overwhelming, but it's important to embrace and love your body
The speaker is conducting an NCRT session on emotional changes.
The brain undergoes development during adolescence and early adulthood.
Positive changes include increased curiosity and openness to learning.
Increased brain activity and improved brain capacity during this period.
Overthinking is often a result of the brain's hyper speed.
Mood swings and changes in energy levels are common during this time.
Increased independence and improved decision-making skills.
Aggression and defensiveness may also occur.
It is important to treat others with kindness and respect.
Feelings of anxiety and hyperactivity are normal during this period.
Open communication with parents and teachers is encouraged.
Mood swings and other emotional changes are normal and should be acknowledged.
Apologizing and owning up to mistakes is important.
Sexual changes differentiate individuals as boys or girls.
Primary sexual characteristics refer to the development of reproductive organs.
Secondary sexual characteristics are external characteristics that help identify gender.
Sexual characteristics help identify an individual as a boy or a girl
Primary sexual characteristics are the presence of reproductive organs
Testis indicates a boy
Ovary indicates a girl
Secondary sexual characteristics are physically observable
Boys develop facial hair or beard
Girls experience breast enlargement
Transgender individuals are born as either boys or girls but identify as the opposite gender
Some may undergo procedures to physically appear as the opposite gender
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands
Endocrine glands pour hormones directly into the bloodstream
Exocrine glands have ducts to transport their chemical substances
Sex hormones are important for this chapter
They regulate various changes in the body
Examples of sex hormones include estrogen and testosterone
Hormones bind to receptors on cells to pass on messages and create reactions
Hormones are chemical secretions from the endocrine system
Sex hormones are involved in the development and control of reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics
Male sex hormone is testosterone, produced by the testes
Testes are a pair of structures located outside the abdominal cavity and enclosed in the scrotum
Testosterone is responsible for the development of the male reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics
Female sex hormone is estrogen, produced by the ovaries
Ovaries are located in the abdomen
Estrogen is responsible for the development of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics
Ovaries also produce progesterone, known as the pregnancy hormone
Progesterone is necessary for the development of the embryo after implantation
Estrogen is involved in the process of ovulation
Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary
Ovulation is the release of the egg from the ovary
The ovum is released into the fallopian tube
The inner lining of the uterus thickens to receive the fertilized egg
Menstruation occurs when there is no fertilization
The unfertilized egg and the inner lining of the uterus are shed off
Menstruation is a cyclic process that happens every 28 days
The inner lining of the uterus is also known as endometrium
Females are born with a fixed number of eggs
Eggs develop inside structures called follicles
Estrogen levels increase during ovum development
Ovulation occurs when estrogen levels peak
The inner lining of the uterus thickens with blood and mucus
Thickening of the uterus lining happens in anticipation of fertilization
If fertilization does not occur, the inner lining of the uterus is shed off during menstruation
Effects of menstruation include abdominal cramping, lower back pain, headache, and fatigue
Pregnant women do not experience menstruation
Effects of menstruation are caused by the shedding of the inner lining of the uterus
Reproductive changes occur during adolescence
Menarche is the first menstrual cycle
Reproductive phase is when an individual can reproduce
Menopause is the stoppage of the menstrual cycle
Menopause occurs when there are no more eggs in the female body
Menarche starts around 10 to 12 years old and menopause occurs around 45 to 50 years old
Diet and what we eat affect hormone production
Imbalance in diet can lead to imbalance in hormone production
Reproductive phase of a woman lies between menarch and menopause
Menarch, menstruation, and menopause are the stages of the reproductive phase
Pituitary gland is known as the master gland
Located at the base of the brain
Produces growth hormone and stimulating hormones
Stimulating hormones control the functioning of other endocrine glands
Thyroid gland is butterfly-shaped and located in the neck region
Produces thyroxine, which regulates metabolic processes
Iodine is necessary for the production of thyroxine
Deficiency of iodine can lead to goiter (swelling in the neck region)
Pancreas is located behind the stomach
Produces insulin, which regulates blood glucose levels
Acts as both an endocrine and exocrine gland (mixed gland)
Adrenal gland is located on top of the kidneys
Produces adrenaline
Responsible for the fight or flight response
Reproductive health is important for physical, mental, and social well-being
Balanced diet, personal hygiene, exercise, and positive mindset are important for reproductive health
Awareness about drugs and sexually transmitted diseases is crucial
Doubt clearing session will be held in the future
Read the chapter for more details
Like, share, and subscribe to the
Welcome to Grade 6, 7, and 8 Channel
Topic: Reaching the age of adolescence
Goal: Cover the chapter in one session
Importance of having notebooks, pens, textbooks, and water bottles ready
Channel hit 50,000 subscribers
Celebrating the achievement
Setting new targets: 100,000 or 60,000 subscribers
Requesting feedback from viewers
Requesting likes on the video
Checking if audio, video, and screen are visible to viewers
Welcoming new viewers and encouraging them to subscribe
Addressing doubts and clarifying that they will be addressed later
Teaching in a different way than in the textbook
Teaching as a story to make it easier to understand
Starting with the basics of life and formation of embryos
Explaining the structure of cells and the presence of chromosomes
Noting that every organism has a fixed number of chromosomes
Humans have 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
Note: The transcript has been edited for clarity and conciseness.
Chromosomes come from both the father and the mother
There are 46 chromosomes in total, 23 from each parent
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are common among all individuals
These pairs are common for both males and females
These pairs are known as autosomes
The difference between males and females lies in the last pair of chromosomes
The last pair is known as the s** chromosome
The s** chromosome determines the gender of the individual
It determines whether the individual will be a boy or a girl
The last pair of chromosomes is what makes the difference in observed gender
The s** of a baby is determined by the presence of either XX or XY chromosomes.
44 plus XY indicates a male, while 44 plus XX indicates a female.
S** is determined during fertilization when one chromosome comes out of each parent.
Males and females both have 46 chromosomes.
Gametes are reproductive cells, and they have only 23 chromosomes.
Ovum (female gamete) has 22 plus X chromosomes.
Sperm (male gamete) can have 22 plus X or 22 plus Y chromosomes.
Fusion of the sperm and egg during fertilization results in a zygote with 46 chromosomes.
The s** of the baby is determined during this fusion.
If the sperm has an X chromosome, the baby will be female (44 plus XX).
If the sperm has a Y chromosome, the baby will be male (44 plus XY).
S** determination is the process of determining the s** of a baby.
It is important to understand the concept of s** determination for further studies.
The chart showing the fusion of different gametes helps in understanding s** determination.
If the sperm with an X chromosome fuses with the egg, the baby will be female (44 plus XX).
If the sperm with a Y chromosome fuses with the egg, the baby will be male (44 plus XY).
Students can ask doubts and seek clarification on the topic of s** determination.
The speaker encourages students to ask questions and clarifies doubts.
A student asks if being stereotypical is okay.
The speaker explains that being stereotypical is not the intention and clarifies the use of a specific pen.
The speaker explains the concept of twins.
Identical twins and fraternal twins are formed during fertilization.
Twins can occur when two sperms fuse with two eggs or when the zygote splits into half.
The speaker mentions that this topic is related to mitosis and meiosis.
The speaker defines transgender individuals.
Transgender individuals may be born as one gender but identify as the opposite gender.
The speaker emphasizes that most individuals are born as either a boy or a girl.
The speaker asks the students how many stages of life there are.
Students provide various answers, and the speaker confirms that there are four stages.
The stages of life are infancy, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age, and old age.
The speaker explains the purpose of having multiple stages of life.
Different changes and developments occur at each stage.
Adulthood is important for reproduction.
Infancy is the phase of life when a person is born as an infant or a young baby.
During infancy, many parts of the body are not fully developed.
The body undergoes various changes and development during this stage.
Childhood is the stage after infancy.
The body is still incapable of reproduction during childhood.
Brain development occurs during the transition from infancy to childhood.
Adolescence is the phase between childhood and adulthood.
It is often referred to as the teenage years, spanning from 13 to 19 years of age.
Reproductive development starts during adolescence.
The body and mind become capable of reproduction in adulthood.
Adolescence is the transitional stage between childhood and adulthood.
During adolescence, individuals attain reproductive or sexual maturity.
Puberty is the point in life where the body becomes sexually mature.
Puberty is a part of adolescence.
Puberty can occur at different ages for different individuals.
Puberty can range from 10 to 14 years of age.
It is normal for individuals to experience puberty at different times.
Puberty is the time of life where an individual attains sexual maturity.
Adolescence is the time period between childhood and adulthood.
Puberty and adolescence are different concepts.
Puberty is a part of adolescence.
Puberty is the point in life where the body becomes sexually mature.
Changes during adolescence can be categorized into three types: physical changes, emotional changes, and secondary sexual changes.
Physical changes refer to the changes in the body during adolescence.
Emotional changes refer to the changes in emotions and feelings during adolescence.
Secondary sexual changes refer to the development of sexual characteristics such as breast development in females and facial hair growth in males.
Secondary sexual changes are the development of sexual characteristics during adolescence.
Examples of secondary sexual changes include breast development in females and facial hair growth in males.
Puberty and adolescence are different concepts.
Puberty is the point in life where the body becomes sexually mature.
Adolescence is the time period between childhood and adulthood.
Changes during adolescence include physical, emotional, and secondary sexual changes.
Physical changes refer to observable features or physical structures of the body.
Physical changes are easy to observe and include changes in height and shape.
Increase in height is the first change observed in physical changes.
Elongation of bones occurs during puberty, resulting in taller stature.
Growth hormone regulates the elongation of bones.
Rate of increase in height differs between boys and girls.
Girls experience rapid growth initially, while boys have slower growth.
Maximum height depends on genetic characters inherited from parents.
Change in shape is another physical change observed.
Boys experience broadening of shoulders and chest region.
Girls experience widening of the hip region.
Broad shoulders in boys accommodate more muscles and allow for increased chest space for inhaling air.
Widening of hips in girls is related to the development of the reproductive system.
Growth spurt is observed during the initial phases of growth.
Growth hormone is produced in large amounts during this period.
Growth spurt is characterized by a sudden increase in height.
Height is primarily determined by genetic characters inherited from parents.
Other factors may have a minor influence on height but cannot significantly increase or decrease it.
Maximum height is attained during adolescence and varies among individuals.
Change in shape is observed differently in boys and girls.
Boys experience broadening of shoulders and chest region.
Girls experience widening of the hip region.
These changes are related to muscle development and reproductive system development.
Voice is different in males and females
Males have deep pitched and sometimes hoarse voice
Females have high pitched and sometimes shrill voice
Voice box (larynx) development causes the difference in voice
Adam's Apple is a protrusion in the voice box found only in boys
Voice may crack or become hoarse during puberty
Glands are groups of cells that secrete chemical substances
Sweat glands produce sweat, sebaceous glands produce sebum (oil)
Increased activity during adolescence leads to excessive sweating and oily skin
Clogged sebaceous glands can result in pimples and acne
Adolescence can be a scary phase with many changes happening in the body
It's important to understand that these changes are normal and happen to everyone
Love and accept your body no matter what
Physical changes include voice change and increased activity of sweat and sebaceous glands
Voice change is due to the development of the voice box (larynx) and the presence of Adam's Apple in boys
Increased activity of sweat glands leads to excessive sweating, while sebaceous glands produce more oil, resulting in oily skin
Clogged sebaceous glands can cause pimples and acne
Emotional changes during adolescence can be overwhelming, but it's important to embrace and love your body
The speaker is conducting an NCRT session on emotional changes.
The brain undergoes development during adolescence and early adulthood.
Positive changes include increased curiosity and openness to learning.
Increased brain activity and improved brain capacity during this period.
Overthinking is often a result of the brain's hyper speed.
Mood swings and changes in energy levels are common during this time.
Increased independence and improved decision-making skills.
Aggression and defensiveness may also occur.
It is important to treat others with kindness and respect.
Feelings of anxiety and hyperactivity are normal during this period.
Open communication with parents and teachers is encouraged.
Mood swings and other emotional changes are normal and should be acknowledged.
Apologizing and owning up to mistakes is important.
Sexual changes differentiate individuals as boys or girls.
Primary sexual characteristics refer to the development of reproductive organs.
Secondary sexual characteristics are external characteristics that help identify gender.
Sexual characteristics help identify an individual as a boy or a girl
Primary sexual characteristics are the presence of reproductive organs
Testis indicates a boy
Ovary indicates a girl
Secondary sexual characteristics are physically observable
Boys develop facial hair or beard
Girls experience breast enlargement
Transgender individuals are born as either boys or girls but identify as the opposite gender
Some may undergo procedures to physically appear as the opposite gender
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands
Endocrine glands pour hormones directly into the bloodstream
Exocrine glands have ducts to transport their chemical substances
Sex hormones are important for this chapter
They regulate various changes in the body
Examples of sex hormones include estrogen and testosterone
Hormones bind to receptors on cells to pass on messages and create reactions
Hormones are chemical secretions from the endocrine system
Sex hormones are involved in the development and control of reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics
Male sex hormone is testosterone, produced by the testes
Testes are a pair of structures located outside the abdominal cavity and enclosed in the scrotum
Testosterone is responsible for the development of the male reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics
Female sex hormone is estrogen, produced by the ovaries
Ovaries are located in the abdomen
Estrogen is responsible for the development of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics
Ovaries also produce progesterone, known as the pregnancy hormone
Progesterone is necessary for the development of the embryo after implantation
Estrogen is involved in the process of ovulation
Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary
Ovulation is the release of the egg from the ovary
The ovum is released into the fallopian tube
The inner lining of the uterus thickens to receive the fertilized egg
Menstruation occurs when there is no fertilization
The unfertilized egg and the inner lining of the uterus are shed off
Menstruation is a cyclic process that happens every 28 days
The inner lining of the uterus is also known as endometrium
Females are born with a fixed number of eggs
Eggs develop inside structures called follicles
Estrogen levels increase during ovum development
Ovulation occurs when estrogen levels peak
The inner lining of the uterus thickens with blood and mucus
Thickening of the uterus lining happens in anticipation of fertilization
If fertilization does not occur, the inner lining of the uterus is shed off during menstruation
Effects of menstruation include abdominal cramping, lower back pain, headache, and fatigue
Pregnant women do not experience menstruation
Effects of menstruation are caused by the shedding of the inner lining of the uterus
Reproductive changes occur during adolescence
Menarche is the first menstrual cycle
Reproductive phase is when an individual can reproduce
Menopause is the stoppage of the menstrual cycle
Menopause occurs when there are no more eggs in the female body
Menarche starts around 10 to 12 years old and menopause occurs around 45 to 50 years old
Diet and what we eat affect hormone production
Imbalance in diet can lead to imbalance in hormone production
Reproductive phase of a woman lies between menarch and menopause
Menarch, menstruation, and menopause are the stages of the reproductive phase
Pituitary gland is known as the master gland
Located at the base of the brain
Produces growth hormone and stimulating hormones
Stimulating hormones control the functioning of other endocrine glands
Thyroid gland is butterfly-shaped and located in the neck region
Produces thyroxine, which regulates metabolic processes
Iodine is necessary for the production of thyroxine
Deficiency of iodine can lead to goiter (swelling in the neck region)
Pancreas is located behind the stomach
Produces insulin, which regulates blood glucose levels
Acts as both an endocrine and exocrine gland (mixed gland)
Adrenal gland is located on top of the kidneys
Produces adrenaline
Responsible for the fight or flight response
Reproductive health is important for physical, mental, and social well-being
Balanced diet, personal hygiene, exercise, and positive mindset are important for reproductive health
Awareness about drugs and sexually transmitted diseases is crucial
Doubt clearing session will be held in the future
Read the chapter for more details
Like, share, and subscribe to the
