gender based violence

any threat against a person or group tied to their gender, sex, or sexual orientation

• intimate partner violence

• physical, emotional, sexual harassment

• femicide

• lack of access to healthcare & reproductive autonomy

• forced/child marriages

• female genital mutilation

• use of female bodies to benefit external systems (produce economic value, produce knowledge)

violence can occur at the individual level through interpersonal actions or at a systemic level involving interactions between complex systems which create the conditions under which violence occurs

• intimate partner violence

  • goes widely unreported, but men are less likely to report abuse

  • factors - alcohol abuse, jealousy, mental illness, physical impairment, & short relationship duration

• masculinity threat

  • psychological distress experienced when a man perceives he is failing to meet societal expectations of masculinity, seeing it as under threat

    • more likely to

      • engage in violence against an intimate partner

      • suffer from alcohol or other substance abuse

      • infidelity

      • experience of mental illness

    • intersection of gender & class

      • economically dependent men are more likely to engage in infidelity against breadwinning spouses

• gender-based violence - child marriages

  • support for child marriage tends to be rooted in conservative or religious beliefs around premarital sexuality & pregnancy

• gender-based violence - campus sexual violence

  • reduced through

    • teaching consent, engaging community to raise awareness, support resources, frat requirements

    • consent is key, can be removed whenever, unable to be given under alcohol influence