ANT 101 Introduction to Anthropology - Final Exam Study Guide

Key Concepts and Definitions

  • Culture:

  • Bands or Hunter-Gatherers:

  • Types of Subsistence Strategies Based on Plants and Animals:

  • Matrilineal Descent:

  • Patrilineal Descent:

  • Ambilineal Descent:

  • Matrilocal Residence Pattern:

  • Patrilocal Residence Pattern:

  • Nuclear Family:

  • Monogamy:

  • Polygamy:

  • Polygyny:

  • Polyandry:

  • Bride Price or Bridewealth:

  • Egalitarianism:

  • Affinity:

  • Clans:

  • Castes:

  • Classes:

  • Ascribed Status:

  • Achieved Status:

  • Shamanism:

  • Animism:

  • Totemism:

  • Totem:

  • Prophet:

  • Three Approaches to Studying Economic Interactions:

  • Reciprocity in Terms of Economic Integration (3 types):

  • Three Aspects of Production Theory (Marxist Approach):

  • Conspicuous Consumption:

  • The "Gift" in Relation to a Type of Economic Integration:

  • Industrial Revolution:

  • Norms:

  • Sanctions:

  • Law:

  • Indigenous:

  • Tribal:

  • Ethnicity:

  • Nationalism:

  • State:

  • Nation-State:

  • Ethnocide:

  • Genocide:

  • Globalization:

Gender Stratification and Roles

  • In what types of societies and situations does gender stratification (differences in women’s status, for instance) occur most often? Why?

  • What are three theories to explain the differences in gender roles?

Questions from the Movies: “Patterns of Subsistence: Food Foragers and Pastoralists”

  • What was the hunter gatherer way of life?

  • Are there any hunter gatherers left?

  • How do we find out about hunter gatherers and herders?

  • When did we stop being hunter gatherers?

  • Do pastoralists live in the same location all year long?

  • Ranching involves herd animals but it is geared toward what?

"Nukak Maku: The Last Forest Nomads"

  • What type of society are the Nukak Maku defined as?

  • List three possible problems that the Nukak Maku have had to deal with since the encroachment of colonizers on their traditional territory.

“Religion and Magic: Faces of Culture Series”

  • What is religion? What are its purposes and functions?

  • What is animism?

  • What is magic?

  • What are the ways that humans contact the supernatural?

  • When looking at religious practices, what seems to be a major difference between industrial and non-industrial societies?

“How to Study Cultures: How Economic Activities Define a Culture”

  • Define culture.

  • What are the three types of production?

  • Economic activities are defined by what three things?

  • What is technology and what does it do?

  • The distribution of wealth is uneven in many cultures (societies). Generally speaking, who has the most wealth in a culture (society)?