61d ago
AB

US HISTORY EOC


Chapter 14: Post-War America (1945–1960)

Lesson 1: Truman and Eisenhower

  • Harry Truman (D): Took over after FDR.

    • Fair Deal: Expanded New Deal, tried for national health care, civil rights, and aid to education.

    • Desegregated the military (1948).


  • Dwight Eisenhower (R): Moderate Republican.

    • Interstate Highway Act (1956): Massive infrastructure project, also helped military mobility.

    • Believed in limited government and balanced budgets.

    • Cold War policies: Brinkmanship and Massive Retaliation.




Lesson 2: The Affluent Society

  • Economic prosperity, growth of suburbs (Levittown).

  • GI Bill: Helped returning WWII vets with education and housing.

  • Baby Boom: Population spike from 1946-1964.

  • Rise of consumerism, TV culture, and traditional family values.



Lesson 3: The Other Side of American Life

  • Poverty still existed despite prosperity.

  • Urban decay: Poor and minorities often left behind in cities.

  • Appalachia and inner cities struggled.

  • Book: “The Other America” by Michael Harrington exposed hidden poverty.






Chapter 15: The New Frontier and Great Society

Lesson 1: The New Frontier

  • John F. Kennedy (JFK):

    • Pushed for civil rights, space exploration (NASA), education, and the economy.

    • Created the Peace Corps (1961).

    • Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961): Failed mission in Cuba.

    • Assassinated in 1963.




Lesson 2: JFK and the Cold War

  • Cuban Missile Crisis (1962): Closest the U.S. came to nuclear war with USSR.

  • Built nuclear arms and expanded space race.

  • Promoted flexible response over massive retaliation.



Lesson 3: The Great Society

  • Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ):

    • War on Poverty: programs like Medicare, Medicaid, Head Start, Job Corps.

    • Civil Rights Act (1964) & Voting Rights Act (1965).

    • Funded education and public housing.







Chapter 16: The Civil Rights Era

Lesson 1: The Movement Begins

  • Brown v. Board of Education (1954): Ended segregation in schools.

  • Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-56).

  • Martin Luther King Jr. and nonviolent protest.



Lesson 2: Challenging Segregation

  • Little Rock Nine (1957): Integration crisis in Arkansas.

  • Sit-ins (Greensboro, 1960).

  • Freedom Riders (1961): Protested segregation on buses.

  • March on Washington (1963) – “I Have a Dream.”



Lesson 3: New Civil Rights Issues

  • Malcolm X and Black Power movement: more militant activism.

  • Black Panthers: promoted self-defense.

  • Civil Rights Act of 1968: Fair Housing.

  • Continued push for equality in education and jobs.






Chapter 17: The Vietnam War

Lesson 1: Going to War in Vietnam

  • Domino Theory: Fear of communism spreading in Asia.

  • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964): Gave LBJ broad war powers.

  • Vietcong and guerrilla warfare tactics.



Lesson 2: Vietnam Divides the Nation

  • Tet Offensive (1968): Major turning point; public lost faith in U.S. success.

  • Anti-war protests grew: especially among students.

  • Draft resistance, media coverage, and credibility gap.



Lesson 3: The War Winds Down

  • Vietnamization (Nixon): Pulling U.S. troops out, training South Vietnamese.

  • Paris Peace Accords (1973): U.S. pulls out.

  • Fall of Saigon (1975): North Vietnam wins; U.S. loses war.






Chapter 18: Social Movements of the 1960s and 70s

Lesson 1: Students and the Counterculture

  • Free Speech Movement at UC Berkeley.

  • Counterculture: Hippies, peace, love, drugs, rejection of mainstream values.

  • Woodstock (1969): Music and cultural festival.



Lesson 2: The Feminist Movement

  • Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963): sparked second-wave feminism.

  • NOW (National Organization for Women): pushed for equal rights.

  • Title IX (1972): Banned sex discrimination in education.



Lesson 3: Latino Americans Organize

  • Cesar Chavez: United Farm Workers (UFW), used strikes and boycotts.

  • Bilingual Education Act (1968).

  • Latino activism for workers’ rights and cultural recognition.






Chapter 19: Politics of the 1970s

Lesson 1: Nixon Administration

  • Southern Strategy: Appealed to white conservative voters.

  • Détente: Easing Cold War tensions with USSR and China.

  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created.



Lesson 2: Watergate Scandal

  • 1972 break-in at DNC HQ (Watergate).

  • Nixon’s cover-up led to resignation (1974).

  • Checks and balances worked; trust in government weakened.



Lesson 3: Ford and Carter

  • Gerald Ford: Pardoned Nixon, faced economic troubles.

  • Jimmy Carter: Struggled with inflation and energy crisis.

  • Camp David Accords (1978): Peace between Egypt and Israel.

  • Iran Hostage Crisis (1979): Hurt Carter’s re-election chances.



Lesson 5: Environmentalism

  • Rachel Carson’s “Silent Spring”: warned about pesticides.

  • Earth Day created (1970), EPA formed.

  • More regulation of pollution and industry.






Chapter 20: Conservatism and the 1980s

Lesson 2: The Reagan Years

  • Ronald Reagan: Conservative revolution.

  • Reaganomics: Tax cuts, reduce government spending, trickle-down theory.

  • Increased military spending, cut social programs.

  • Believed in smaller federal government.



Lesson 4: End of the Cold War

  • Arms race with USSR, Star Wars (SDI) defense plan.

  • Mikhail Gorbachev introduced Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (reform).

  • Fall of Berlin Wall (1989) and USSR collapse (1991) = Cold War ends.






Chapter 21: Modern America

Lesson 2: A New Wave of Immigration

  • Immigration shifted from Europe to Latin America and Asia.

  • 1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act: legalized some undocumented workers.

  • New diversity and challenges in education and jobs.


Lesson 3: Technology and Globalization

  • Rise of personal computers, internet, and tech companies.

  • Globalization: More trade and international business.

  • Outsourcing, NAFTA (1994), and a new global economy.



The Bretton Woods System

  • 1944: Meeting of Allied nations to plan post-WWII global economy.

  • Created International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank.

  • U.S. dollar became world’s reserve currency.

  • Gold standard used until 1971.



Bush’s Challenges (George W. Bush)

  • 2000 Election: Controversial, decided by Supreme Court (Bush v. Gore).

  • 9/11 attacks (2001): Led to War on Terror.

  • Patriot Act, Department of Homeland Security created.

  • Iraq War (2003): Based on belief Saddam Hussein had WMDs (Weapons of Mass Destruction) — none found.

  • Faced Hurricane Katrina response criticism (2005).

  • 2008 Financial Crisis began during his last year in office.


People to know:

  • Harry Truman – President after FDR; dropped atomic bombs, desegregated the military, started Cold War policies.

  • Dwight D. Eisenhower – President during 1950s; built interstate highways, promoted containment.

  • John F. Kennedy (JFK) – President during Cuban Missile Crisis; supported civil rights and the space race; assassinated in 1963.

  • Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) – Took over after JFK; launched Great Society and signed Civil Rights Acts.

  • Richard Nixon – President during Vietnam War, détente with China and USSR; resigned due to Watergate scandal.

  • Gerald Ford – Became president after Nixon; pardoned him.

  • Jimmy Carter – Promoted human rights; signed Camp David Accords; faced Iran Hostage Crisis.

  • Ronald Reagan – Conservative leader of 1980s; Reaganomics, Cold War policies.

  • George H.W. Bush – President during the Gulf War; end of Cold War.

  • George W. Bush – 9/11 attacks, War on Terror, Iraq War, Hurricane Katrina.

  • Martin Luther King Jr. – Leader of nonviolent civil rights movement; “I Have a Dream”; Nobel Peace Prize.

  • Rosa Parks – Sparked Montgomery Bus Boycott by refusing to give up her bus seat.

  • Malcolm X – Promoted Black empowerment and separation before moderating views later in life.

  • Thurgood Marshall – NAACP lawyer in Brown v. Board, first Black Supreme Court Justice.

  • Cesar Chavez – Latino labor leader; co-founded United Farm Workers; used nonviolent protest.

  • Betty Friedan – Wrote The Feminine Mystique, helped start modern feminist movement.

  • Gloria Steinem – Journalist and feminist leader.

  • Ho Chi Minh – Communist leader of North Vietnam.

  • Ngo Dinh Diem – Leader of South Vietnam (anti-communist, U.S.-backed).

  • Robert McNamara – U.S. Secretary of Defense during Vietnam escalation.

  • William Westmoreland – U.S. General in Vietnam.

  • Linda Brown – Student at the center of Brown v. Board of Education (desegregation case).

  • Earl Warren – Chief Justice of Supreme Court; led landmark decisions (Miranda v. Arizona, Gideon v. Wainwright, Brown v. Board).

  • Joseph Stalin – Soviet leader during early Cold War.

  • Nikita Khrushchev – Soviet leader during Cuban Missile Crisis.

  • Mikhail Gorbachev – Soviet leader in 1980s; reformed USSR, helped end Cold War.

  • Fidel Castro – Communist leader of Cuba.

  • Osama bin Laden – Leader of al-Qaeda; responsible for 9/11 attacks.

  • Saddam Hussein – Iraqi dictator; removed during 2003 U.S. invasion.

  • Rachel Carson – Wrote Silent Spring, sparked environmental movement.

  • Bill Gates – Co-founder of Microsoft; tech boom of 1990s.

  • Steve Jobs – Co-founder of Apple; helped lead technology revolution.



knowt logo

US HISTORY EOC

Chapter 14: Post-War America (1945–1960)

Lesson 1: Truman and Eisenhower

  • Harry Truman (D): Took over after FDR.

    • Fair Deal: Expanded New Deal, tried for national health care, civil rights, and aid to education.

    • Desegregated the military (1948).

  • Dwight Eisenhower (R): Moderate Republican.

    • Interstate Highway Act (1956): Massive infrastructure project, also helped military mobility.

    • Believed in limited government and balanced budgets.

    • Cold War policies: Brinkmanship and Massive Retaliation.

Lesson 2: The Affluent Society

  • Economic prosperity, growth of suburbs (Levittown).

  • GI Bill: Helped returning WWII vets with education and housing.

  • Baby Boom: Population spike from 1946-1964.

  • Rise of consumerism, TV culture, and traditional family values.

Lesson 3: The Other Side of American Life

  • Poverty still existed despite prosperity.

  • Urban decay: Poor and minorities often left behind in cities.

  • Appalachia and inner cities struggled.

  • Book: “The Other America” by Michael Harrington exposed hidden poverty.

Chapter 15: The New Frontier and Great Society

Lesson 1: The New Frontier

  • John F. Kennedy (JFK):

    • Pushed for civil rights, space exploration (NASA), education, and the economy.

    • Created the Peace Corps (1961).

    • Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961): Failed mission in Cuba.

    • Assassinated in 1963.

Lesson 2: JFK and the Cold War

  • Cuban Missile Crisis (1962): Closest the U.S. came to nuclear war with USSR.

  • Built nuclear arms and expanded space race.

  • Promoted flexible response over massive retaliation.

Lesson 3: The Great Society

  • Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ):

    • War on Poverty: programs like Medicare, Medicaid, Head Start, Job Corps.

    • Civil Rights Act (1964) & Voting Rights Act (1965).

    • Funded education and public housing.

Chapter 16: The Civil Rights Era

Lesson 1: The Movement Begins

  • Brown v. Board of Education (1954): Ended segregation in schools.

  • Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-56).

  • Martin Luther King Jr. and nonviolent protest.

Lesson 2: Challenging Segregation

  • Little Rock Nine (1957): Integration crisis in Arkansas.

  • Sit-ins (Greensboro, 1960).

  • Freedom Riders (1961): Protested segregation on buses.

  • March on Washington (1963) – “I Have a Dream.”

Lesson 3: New Civil Rights Issues

  • Malcolm X and Black Power movement: more militant activism.

  • Black Panthers: promoted self-defense.

  • Civil Rights Act of 1968: Fair Housing.

  • Continued push for equality in education and jobs.

Chapter 17: The Vietnam War

Lesson 1: Going to War in Vietnam

  • Domino Theory: Fear of communism spreading in Asia.

  • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964): Gave LBJ broad war powers.

  • Vietcong and guerrilla warfare tactics.

Lesson 2: Vietnam Divides the Nation

  • Tet Offensive (1968): Major turning point; public lost faith in U.S. success.

  • Anti-war protests grew: especially among students.

  • Draft resistance, media coverage, and credibility gap.

Lesson 3: The War Winds Down

  • Vietnamization (Nixon): Pulling U.S. troops out, training South Vietnamese.

  • Paris Peace Accords (1973): U.S. pulls out.

  • Fall of Saigon (1975): North Vietnam wins; U.S. loses war.

Chapter 18: Social Movements of the 1960s and 70s

Lesson 1: Students and the Counterculture

  • Free Speech Movement at UC Berkeley.

  • Counterculture: Hippies, peace, love, drugs, rejection of mainstream values.

  • Woodstock (1969): Music and cultural festival.

Lesson 2: The Feminist Movement

  • Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963): sparked second-wave feminism.

  • NOW (National Organization for Women): pushed for equal rights.

  • Title IX (1972): Banned sex discrimination in education.

Lesson 3: Latino Americans Organize

  • Cesar Chavez: United Farm Workers (UFW), used strikes and boycotts.

  • Bilingual Education Act (1968).

  • Latino activism for workers’ rights and cultural recognition.

Chapter 19: Politics of the 1970s

Lesson 1: Nixon Administration

  • Southern Strategy: Appealed to white conservative voters.

  • Détente: Easing Cold War tensions with USSR and China.

  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created.

Lesson 2: Watergate Scandal

  • 1972 break-in at DNC HQ (Watergate).

  • Nixon’s cover-up led to resignation (1974).

  • Checks and balances worked; trust in government weakened.

Lesson 3: Ford and Carter

  • Gerald Ford: Pardoned Nixon, faced economic troubles.

  • Jimmy Carter: Struggled with inflation and energy crisis.

  • Camp David Accords (1978): Peace between Egypt and Israel.

  • Iran Hostage Crisis (1979): Hurt Carter’s re-election chances.

Lesson 5: Environmentalism

  • Rachel Carson’s “Silent Spring”: warned about pesticides.

  • Earth Day created (1970), EPA formed.

  • More regulation of pollution and industry.

Chapter 20: Conservatism and the 1980s

Lesson 2: The Reagan Years

  • Ronald Reagan: Conservative revolution.

  • Reaganomics: Tax cuts, reduce government spending, trickle-down theory.

  • Increased military spending, cut social programs.

  • Believed in smaller federal government.

Lesson 4: End of the Cold War

  • Arms race with USSR, Star Wars (SDI) defense plan.

  • Mikhail Gorbachev introduced Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (reform).

  • Fall of Berlin Wall (1989) and USSR collapse (1991) = Cold War ends.

Chapter 21: Modern America

Lesson 2: A New Wave of Immigration

  • Immigration shifted from Europe to Latin America and Asia.

  • 1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act: legalized some undocumented workers.

  • New diversity and challenges in education and jobs.

Lesson 3: Technology and Globalization

  • Rise of personal computers, internet, and tech companies.

  • Globalization: More trade and international business.

  • Outsourcing, NAFTA (1994), and a new global economy.

The Bretton Woods System

  • 1944: Meeting of Allied nations to plan post-WWII global economy.

  • Created International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank.

  • U.S. dollar became world’s reserve currency.

  • Gold standard used until 1971.

Bush’s Challenges (George W. Bush)

  • 2000 Election: Controversial, decided by Supreme Court (Bush v. Gore).

  • 9/11 attacks (2001): Led to War on Terror.

  • Patriot Act, Department of Homeland Security created.

  • Iraq War (2003): Based on belief Saddam Hussein had WMDs (Weapons of Mass Destruction) — none found.

  • Faced Hurricane Katrina response criticism (2005).

  • 2008 Financial Crisis began during his last year in office.

People to know:

  • Harry Truman – President after FDR; dropped atomic bombs, desegregated the military, started Cold War policies.

  • Dwight D. Eisenhower – President during 1950s; built interstate highways, promoted containment.

  • John F. Kennedy (JFK) – President during Cuban Missile Crisis; supported civil rights and the space race; assassinated in 1963.

  • Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) – Took over after JFK; launched Great Society and signed Civil Rights Acts.

  • Richard Nixon – President during Vietnam War, détente with China and USSR; resigned due to Watergate scandal.

  • Gerald Ford – Became president after Nixon; pardoned him.

  • Jimmy Carter – Promoted human rights; signed Camp David Accords; faced Iran Hostage Crisis.

  • Ronald Reagan – Conservative leader of 1980s; Reaganomics, Cold War policies.

  • George H.W. Bush – President during the Gulf War; end of Cold War.

  • George W. Bush – 9/11 attacks, War on Terror, Iraq War, Hurricane Katrina.

  • Martin Luther King Jr. – Leader of nonviolent civil rights movement; “I Have a Dream”; Nobel Peace Prize.

  • Rosa Parks – Sparked Montgomery Bus Boycott by refusing to give up her bus seat.

  • Malcolm X – Promoted Black empowerment and separation before moderating views later in life.

  • Thurgood Marshall – NAACP lawyer in Brown v. Board, first Black Supreme Court Justice.

  • Cesar Chavez – Latino labor leader; co-founded United Farm Workers; used nonviolent protest.

  • Betty Friedan – Wrote The Feminine Mystique, helped start modern feminist movement.

  • Gloria Steinem – Journalist and feminist leader.

  • Ho Chi Minh – Communist leader of North Vietnam.

  • Ngo Dinh Diem – Leader of South Vietnam (anti-communist, U.S.-backed).

  • Robert McNamara – U.S. Secretary of Defense during Vietnam escalation.

  • William Westmoreland – U.S. General in Vietnam.

  • Linda Brown – Student at the center of Brown v. Board of Education (desegregation case).

  • Earl Warren – Chief Justice of Supreme Court; led landmark decisions (Miranda v. Arizona, Gideon v. Wainwright, Brown v. Board).

  • Joseph Stalin – Soviet leader during early Cold War.

  • Nikita Khrushchev – Soviet leader during Cuban Missile Crisis.

  • Mikhail Gorbachev – Soviet leader in 1980s; reformed USSR, helped end Cold War.

  • Fidel Castro – Communist leader of Cuba.

  • Osama bin Laden – Leader of al-Qaeda; responsible for 9/11 attacks.

  • Saddam Hussein – Iraqi dictator; removed during 2003 U.S. invasion.

  • Rachel Carson – Wrote Silent Spring, sparked environmental movement.

  • Bill Gates – Co-founder of Microsoft; tech boom of 1990s.

  • Steve Jobs – Co-founder of Apple; helped lead technology revolution.