Chapter 04 _ Tissues

Note on Tissues

Page 2: Introduction to Tissues

  • Four Main Types of Tissues

    • Epithelial tissue

    • Connective tissue

    • Muscle tissue

    • Nervous tissue

Page 3: Epithelial Tissue (1 of 2)

  • Characteristics

    • Covers body surfaces and lines cavities.

    • Cells are closely packed with minimal matrix.

  • Classification by Cell Shape

    • Squamous

    • Cuboidal

    • Columnar

    • Transitional

Page 4: Epithelial Tissue (2 of 2)

  • Classification by Arrangement

    • Simple Epithelium

      • Single layer of cells (e.g., simple squamous).

      • Function: Transport (absorption).

    • Stratified Epithelium

      • Multiple layers of cells (e.g., stratified squamous).

      • Function: Protection.

Page 5: Classification of Epithelial Tissues

rPage 10: Simple Columnar and Stratified Transitional Epithelium

  • Simple Columnar Epithelium

    • Single layer of columnar cells.

    • Lines stomach and intestines; contains goblet cells for mucus production.

    • Function: Absorption.

  • Stratified Transitional Epithelium

    • Found in areas that stretch (e.g., urinary bladder).

    • Up to 10 layers of cuboidal cells that can distort.

Page 14: Connective Tissue

  • Characteristics

    • Most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body.

    • Composed of relatively few cells in an intercellular matrix.

Page 15: Types of Connective Tissue

  • Areolar

    • Functions as a glue holding organs together.

  • Adipose (Fat)

    • Primary function: lipid storage.

  • Fibrous

    • Composed of strong collagen fibers (e.g., tendons).

  • Bone

    • Calcified matrix; provides support and protection.

  • Cartilage

    • Gel-like matrix; contains chondrocytes.

  • Blood

    • Fluid matrix; functions in transportation and protection.

Page 19: Types of Muscle Tissue

  • Skeletal Muscle Tissue

    • Attaches to bones; striated and voluntary control.

  • Cardiac Muscle Tissue

    • Striated and involuntary; composes heart wall.

  • Smooth Muscle Tissue

    • Non-striated (visceral) and involuntary; found in blood vessels and organs.

Page 22: Nervous Tissue (1 of 3)

  • Function

    • Rapid communication and control of body functions.

  • Neurons

    • Specialized conduction cells.

Page 24: Nervous Tissue (3 of 3)

  • Neurons

    • Composed of a cell body, axon, and dendrites.

    • Axon: Carries impulses away from the cell body. (one)

    • Dendrites: Carry impulses toward the cell body. (one or more)

  • Glia (Neuroglia)

    • Supportive and connecting cells.

Page 25: Tissue Repair

  • Regeneration

    • Epithelial and connective tissues regenerate easily