Comprehensive Classification and Nomenclature of Inorganic Acids

Overview of Acids and Chemical Nomenclature

This document provides an exhaustive list of various inorganic acids, categorized by their central atoms and oxidation states as recorded on Monday, May 25 (Pon. 25 maj). The source material includes specific classifications for proton capacity and detailed oxidation state indicators for each chemical species.

Nitrogen and Sulfur Based Acids

Nitrogen forms two primary oxoacids listed in the document. The first is $HNO_2$, known as azotowy (III) or nitrous acid, which is specifically identified as a monoprotic acid ($\text{jednoprotonowy}$). The second is $HNO_3$, referred to as azotowy (V) or nitric acid. These acids are fundamental in nitrogen chemistry and differ by the oxidation state of the nitrogen atom.

Sulfur-based acids include both oxoacids and a binary acid. $H_2SO_3$ is identified as siarkowy (IV) or sulfurous acid and is classified as a polyprotic acid ($\text{wieloprotonowy}$). In contrast, $H_2SO_4$ is siarkowy (VI) or sulfuric acid, representing a higher oxidation state of sulfur. Additionally, the binary acid $H_2S$ is listed as siarkowodorowy (hydrosulfuric acid or hydrogen sulfide).

Silicon, Carbon, and Phosphorus Acids

Silicon acids are represented by two distinct forms: $H_2SiO_3$, known as metakrzemowy (metasilicic acid), and $H_4SiO_4$, known as ortokrzemowy (orthosilicic acid). Carbon forms a singular entry in the list, $H_2CO_3$, which is węglowy or carbonic acid.

Phosphorus acids are detailed according to their hydration levels and structure, all maintaining an oxidation state of V. $HPO_3$ is metafosforowy (V) or metaphosphoric acid. $H_3PO_4$ is ortofosforowy (V) or orthophosphoric acid. Finally, $H_4P_2O_7$ is recorded as pirofosforowy (V) or pyrophosphoric acid.

Halogen-Based Acids and Binary Acids

The chlorine-based oxoacids form a complete series representing oxidation states from I to VII. $HClO$ is chlorowy (I) or hypochlorous acid. $HClO_2$ is chlorowy (III) or chlorous acid. $HClO_3$ is chlorowy (V) or chloric acid. $HClO_4$ is chlorowy (VII) or perchloric acid.

Binary acids of the halogens (hydrohalic acids) are also listed. These include $HCl$ (chlorowodorowy or hydrochloric acid), $HF$ (fluorowodorowy or hydrofluoric acid), $HBr$ (bromowodorowy or hydrobromic acid), and $HI$ (jodowodorowy or hydroiodic acid).

Transition Metal Acids and Structural Metadata

The list concludes with acids derived from transition metals in high oxidation states. $HMnO_4$ is manganowy (VII) or permanganic acid. Chromium forms two specific acids: $H_2CrO_4$, known as chromowy (VI) or chromic acid, and $H_2Cr_2O_7$, known as dichromowy (VI) or dichromic acid.

The accompanying documentation notes include specific percentages and descriptors: a figure of $378\% +$, an $85\%$ indicator, and references to "Siatka" (Grid) and "Czcionka mocna" (strong/bold font). The word "kwasy" (acids) is highlighted as the primary subject matter.