Wildlife Health and Humans
disease: a disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance, toxicity, etc
Real of perceived negative impact on wildlife valued by people
Real or perceived threat to human health
…domestic animals
Type of Disease
infectious
genetic
autoimmune
age related
environmental
parasitic
others?
How do you know if you’re sick?
symptoms
subjective, things that the patient feel (fatigue)
signs
discovered by the physician (or you)
prognostic
anamnestic
diagnostic
pathognomonic
When there is money involved
hunting
tourism
cattle
ruins the view
When people are at risk
Zoonotic diseases
direct risk
indirect risk
CWD in Wisconsin: $2.5 million to try to control the CWD outbreak
Swina industry in NC: 2nd in the nation, 1st in number of piglets
Hunting: over $1,000,000 a day
COVID-19
What do people think/want with wildlife?
shift in perceptions
feel good conservation (Somewhere else)
Individualistic view of wildlife health and how to help
Lots of misinformation
75% of all emerging human infectitious disease in the past 3 decades orginated in animals
Environmental health may affect human and animal health through contamination, pollution and poor conditions that may lead to new infectious agents
to provide adequate healthcare, food and water for the growing global population, the health professions, and their related discilipins and institutions, must work together
Densities are higher (human and wildlife)
Contact is more common (intra and interspecies)
People do not know what to do about it
Better chance of “seeing” the disease
Harder to control: public opinion, public health hazard
Climate change
unnatural densities
unnatural contact
vector species
fragmentation
translocation of species
translocation of pathogens
research
tourism
graphs of rabies
a disease caused by the entrance into the body of a biological agent (as bacteria, protozoans, fungi, or viruses) which grow and multiply
communicable diseases
function: an infectious disease transmissible (as from person to person) by direct contact with an affected individual or the individual’s discharges or by indirect means (as by a vector)
Direct
vertical
mother to baby
horizontal
direct contact (bite, lick, scratch, etc)
sexual
air droplets
latrogenic (infected medical materials)
indirect
environment (fecal-oral)
vectors
Parasitism: relationship between 2 species where one benefits (parasite) at the expense of the other (host)
Ectoparasite: lives on the surface of the host for at least one of its life stages
Endoparasite: lives inside the host for at least one of its life stages
Direct
vertical
mother to baby
horizontal
direct physical contact
latrogenic
indirect
environment (fecal oral)
vectors
Know what can be out there
Use protective gear that will protect you against real threats
Be aware of the pathogens that you will take with you
Know the symptoms and signs of the diseases you might have encountered
Trust your vaccines
disease: a disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance, toxicity, etc
Real of perceived negative impact on wildlife valued by people
Real or perceived threat to human health
…domestic animals
Type of Disease
infectious
genetic
autoimmune
age related
environmental
parasitic
others?
How do you know if you’re sick?
symptoms
subjective, things that the patient feel (fatigue)
signs
discovered by the physician (or you)
prognostic
anamnestic
diagnostic
pathognomonic
When there is money involved
hunting
tourism
cattle
ruins the view
When people are at risk
Zoonotic diseases
direct risk
indirect risk
CWD in Wisconsin: $2.5 million to try to control the CWD outbreak
Swina industry in NC: 2nd in the nation, 1st in number of piglets
Hunting: over $1,000,000 a day
COVID-19
What do people think/want with wildlife?
shift in perceptions
feel good conservation (Somewhere else)
Individualistic view of wildlife health and how to help
Lots of misinformation
75% of all emerging human infectitious disease in the past 3 decades orginated in animals
Environmental health may affect human and animal health through contamination, pollution and poor conditions that may lead to new infectious agents
to provide adequate healthcare, food and water for the growing global population, the health professions, and their related discilipins and institutions, must work together
Densities are higher (human and wildlife)
Contact is more common (intra and interspecies)
People do not know what to do about it
Better chance of “seeing” the disease
Harder to control: public opinion, public health hazard
Climate change
unnatural densities
unnatural contact
vector species
fragmentation
translocation of species
translocation of pathogens
research
tourism
graphs of rabies
a disease caused by the entrance into the body of a biological agent (as bacteria, protozoans, fungi, or viruses) which grow and multiply
communicable diseases
function: an infectious disease transmissible (as from person to person) by direct contact with an affected individual or the individual’s discharges or by indirect means (as by a vector)
Direct
vertical
mother to baby
horizontal
direct contact (bite, lick, scratch, etc)
sexual
air droplets
latrogenic (infected medical materials)
indirect
environment (fecal-oral)
vectors
Parasitism: relationship between 2 species where one benefits (parasite) at the expense of the other (host)
Ectoparasite: lives on the surface of the host for at least one of its life stages
Endoparasite: lives inside the host for at least one of its life stages
Direct
vertical
mother to baby
horizontal
direct physical contact
latrogenic
indirect
environment (fecal oral)
vectors
Know what can be out there
Use protective gear that will protect you against real threats
Be aware of the pathogens that you will take with you
Know the symptoms and signs of the diseases you might have encountered
Trust your vaccines