Embedded Systems_Course_L5_EPT

Embedded Systems

  • Definition and Overview

Microprocessor Architecture

  • Basic definition and structure of microprocessor architectures.

Calculator Basic Architecture

  • Address Bus: Transfers address signals.

  • Data Bus: Transfers data signals.

  • Control & Command Bus: Carries control signals.

  • CPU: Central Processing Unit, manages program operation.

  • Memory: Storage for data and programs.

  • I/O Interfaces: Allow communication with peripherals.

Buses Definition

  • Address Bus: Unidirectional for address signals.

  • Data Bus: Bidirectional for data transfer.

  • Control & Command Bus: Carries read/write commands and interruptions from CPU.

CPU Organization

  • Logic Circuit: Program-based operation.

  • Registers: Support for instruction codes, data, and addresses.

  • ALU (Arithmetic & Logic Unit): Performs arithmetic and logic operations.

  • Control Unit: Decodes instructions and supervises operations.

ALU Description

  • Performs Arithmetic Operations: Addition, Subtraction, Increment/Decrement.

  • Performs Logical Operations: AND, OR, XOR, Rotation.

CPU Registers

  • Accumulator: Holds operands and results during ALU operations.

  • State Register (SR): Displays ALU operation status.

  • Instruction Register (IR): Contains currently executing instruction code.

  • Program Counter (PC): Keeps track of the next instruction's address.

CPU Control Unit

  • Function: Manages CPU operations and instruction execution.

  • Steps: Instruction extraction, decoding, execution, and sequencing.

Memory Definition

  • Used for data & program storage, can be ROM or RAM.

  • Organization: Memory structured in bits and bytes organized in words.

Memory Access Mode

  • Reading: CPU activates read on the address bus.

  • Writing: CPU places data on the bus and activates write.

Input/Output Interface

  • Purpose: Establish communication between CPU and peripheral units.

  • Processes: Similar to memory access operations.

Advanced Architectures

  • Discusses different classes of microprocessors.

Microprocessor Classes

  • Microcontrollers: Compact integrated circuit with memory & I/O.

  • DSPs (Digital Signal Processors): Optimized for real-time processing.

  • CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer): Aims for versatile instruction processing.

  • RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer): Simplifies instructions for efficiency.

Microprocessor Architecture Families

  • Von Neumann Architecture: Shared memory for data & instructions.

  • Harvard Architecture: Separate memory for program and data.

Instruction Sets

  • Overview of ARM and Thumb instruction sets, including conditional execution and loading mechanisms.

Cortex-M4 Processors

  • Introduced in 2010, focuses on signal processing efficiency and low power consumption.

  • Architecture based on RISC principles, supports various instruction sets.

  • Features include multiple interrupts and power management strategies.

ARM Cortex-M4 Processor Features

  • List of performance features, instruction set specifics, memory maps, and types of registers.

Memory Management

  • Overview of memory maps and regions within the Cortex-M4 architecture.

Assembly Programming Language

  • Overview of assembly language structure, data directives, and translation from symbolic to executable code.

Summary of Key Concepts

  • RISC vs CISC, Processor Modes, Pipeline Technique, and ARM Cortex-M4 specifics.