Lysosomes Summary

Lysosomes

• Lysosomes degrade unwanted cellular components:

  • Old proteins

  • Old organelles

  • Cellular components

  • Extracellular matrix brought in via endocytosis

• Contain digestive enzymes to break down these materials.

Safety Mechanisms of Lysosomes

• Lysosomes possess enzymes capable of breaking down any cellular component, posing a risk if leaked.

• To prevent self-destruction, the lysosome membrane is highly glycosylated.

• Glycosylation:

  • Proteins embedded in the lysosome membrane have numerous carbohydrates attached.

  • These carbohydrates line the inner edge of the membrane, forming a protective barrier.

  • This barrier prevents digestive enzymes/acids from contacting and degrading the membrane.

  • The high degree of glycosylation ensures that even if some sugars are broken off, enough remain to protect the membrane.