Insulin Sensitizers: Biguanides

Main Mechanism:
- Biguanides, primarily represented by metformin, are a class of oral antidiabetic agents that enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce hepatic glucose production.
- Their mechanism of action involves several key processes: first, biguanides decrease gluconeogenesis in the liver, thereby lowering the amount of glucose released into the bloodstream.
- Second, they improve insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, particularly skeletal muscle, which enhances glucose uptake and utilization.
- This dual action helps to lower blood glucose levels effectively.
- Additionally, biguanides may promote weight loss and have beneficial effects on lipid profiles.
- They are generally well-tolerated but can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and diarrhea
Examples (-formin):
- Metformin (Glucophage)
- Buformin
- Phenformin