fungi

• Be able to describe the different lifestyles exhibited by fungi.

decomposers- break down organic materials and realease these nutrients

paracites- detrimental to host or other organism

muualists- benefit and perhaps depend on a host or other organism

• Be able to define the following terms associated with the body structure of fungi:

o Yeast – single cells that reproduce via budding

o Hyphae – filaments

o Mycelia – underground network of hyphae

o Septa – cross-walls that divide hyphae up into cells

o Coenocytic fungi – lack septa and have a continuous mass with hundreds of nuclei

o Haustoria – allow four nutrient extraction from plants

o Arbuscles – mutualistic fungi that have branching arbuscules to exchange nutrients with plant host

o Mycorrhizae – mutualistic fungi, two types, disperse via spores

• What’s the difference between ectomycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?

ectomycorrhizal fungi are established between the root cells, where arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi extend into root cells.

• Be able to describe the following, dealing with fungi sexual reproduction:

o Spores – reproductive unit capable of producing a mature adult without fusion of gametes

o Plasmogamy – union of cytoplasms of parents (n)

o Heterokaryon – when haploid (n) nuclei do not fuse right away, and coexist in the fused part of mycelium

o Dikaryotic – haploid (n) nuclei pair off with 2 to a cell

o Karyogamy – after sometime- dikaryotic fuse (2n)

• How do fungi reproduce asexually?

through release of spores via mitosis from visible mycelia, like in molds. Or through budding (cell division), like in yeasts

• Be able to describe the different phyla of fungi, including any notable features or representatives for each group:

o Phylum Chytridiomycota

– (kitrids)yeasts

o Phylum Zygomycota

– named after zygosporaniga (site of karyogomy)

o Phylum Glomeromycota

o Phylum Ascomycota

o Phylum Basidiomycota