MIL_Q2_L13_Text Info
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TEXT INFORMATION & MEDIA
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TEXT
Definition: Any piece of writing, consisting of alphanumeric characters and logograms (e.g. Chinese and Japanese characters).
Types of text:
Descriptive
Informative
Instructive
Persuasive
Significance: Type varies based on the objective of the information.
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DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Definition: This text explains attributes of a person, place, or thing.
Purpose: To create a visual experience for the reader using adjectives and adverbs.
Examples: Novels, news articles.
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INFORMATIVE TEXT
Definition: Primarily aims to inform readers about a topic.
Examples: Textbooks, journals.
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INSTRUCTIVE TEXT
Definition: Provides instructions or guidance on how to perform specific tasks.
Examples: Cookbooks, instructional materials.
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PERSUASIVE TEXT
Definition: Aims to convince the reader to adopt a belief or action.
Examples: Editorials.
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TEXT MEDIUM
Definition: Any medium that communicates text information, such as:
Signs
Books
Cell phones
Computers
Menus
Example: A field or tree bark can become a text medium through written messages.
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HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Historical Significance: Text information has been influential since the invention of cuneiform by the Sumerians around 3500 BCE.
Purpose of Writing: Immortalizes information; reading makes text information accessible.
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THE POWER OF TEXT INFORMATION AND MEDIA
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PHILIPPINE HISTORY
Significance of Text: Jose Rizal's writings awakened Filipinos to their struggles.
Example Works: "Noli Me Tangere", "El Filibusterismo" which fueled nationalism and revolutions.
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SELECTION INFORMATION AND CRITERIA
Importance: Different information types require different media; knowing selection criteria is crucial.
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SELECTION CRITERIA FOR TEXT MEDIA
Overview: Critical to understand selection criteria before adopting information.
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RELEVANCE
Definition: Connection between topics that makes considering one relevant to the other.
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TRIANGULATION (VALIDITY, RELIABILITY & ACCURACY)
Definition: A method for testing information for validity, reliability, and accuracy through fact-checking.
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POINT OF VIEW (POV)
Definition: The perspective of the narrator or character telling the story.
Importance: The author determines who tells the story, affecting the reader's understanding.
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MEDIUM USED
Definition: The method used for delivering information; critical for assessing trustworthiness of sources.
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AUDIENCE
Definition: The intended recipients of the information, which informs the way information is crafted.
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WRITING STYLE
Importance: Considers grammar and clarity when choosing information sources.
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PRODUCING TEXT INFORMATION
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QUALITY OF INFORMATION
Definition (Pettersson, 2015): High-quality information must be accurate, credible, relevant, and easily interpretable.
Application: Relevant for all information types.
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PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN (Pettersson)
List of Principles:
Defining the problem
Providing structure
Providing clarity
Providing simplicity
Providing emphasis
Providing unity
Information access
Information cost
Information ethics
Securing quality
Harmony
Aesthetic proportions
Facilitating attention
Facilitating perception
Facilitating processing
Facilitating memory
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COMMUNICATION ISSUES
Key Problem: Incomprehensibility hinders effective communication.
Solutions: Use structure and simplicity in text to enhance comprehension.
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PROVIDING STRUCTURE AND SIMPLICITY
Importance: Logical organization aids reader comprehension.
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TARGET AUDIENCE
Importance: Adapt language to the understanding level of the intended audience to ensure effective communication.
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INTERNAL TEXTUAL STRUCTURE
Definition: Techniques for organizing text to help readers understand.
Recommendation: Present the most important information first, followed by supporting details.
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ARRANGING INFORMATION
Advice: Organize from most to least important; applicable in various writing contexts including news.
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TEXT STRUCTURES
Common Structures:
Sequence
Problem and Solution
Compare and Contrast
Description
Cause and Effect
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LIMITING STRUCTURE LEVELS
Notable Point: Limit levels to avoid confusion, especially beyond four levels; specific texts may require more.
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GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION
Importance: Good grammar and punctuation enhance the credibility of text information.
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EXTERNAL TEXTUAL STRUCTURES
Definition: Organizing techniques that enhance readability (e.g., spacing, indentation).
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TYPOGRAPHY
Definition: The method of visually presenting text.
Importance: Strong contrast and distinct patterns aid in legibility.
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LEGIBILITY
Important Considerations: Use margins and spacing effectively to enhance reading comfort.
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ALIGNMENT
Text Alignment Types:
Left Aligned
Center Aligned
Right Aligned
Justified
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LINE LENGTH
Recommendation: Keep text columns short (3-4 inches) to aid readability.
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TYPE COLOR
Definition: Refers to font manipulation and organization of text elements.
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EMPHASIS IN TEXT
Techniques to highlight key points:
Italics
Bold
Underline
Color
Capitals
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GENERAL WRITING TIPS
For Descriptive Text: Utilize sensory language and comparisons.
For Informative Text: Avoid repetition; present information clearly.
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ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIVE TEXT TIPS
Use active voice; keep language clear and direct.
Employ bullet points and include visuals if beneficial.
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TIPS FOR PERSUASIVE TEXT
Present a compelling argument, considering the audience's perspective.