Chapter 10 psych
Chapter 10
Emotion - the subjective experience of a change in physiological arousal due to environmental events
Four components of emotion
An environmental event or trigger
A physiological change
An affective experience
A cognitive interpretation of the experience
A mood is a long lasting, general affective state that does not have a specific trigger event or target. The triggers are often unknown and the mood can last for days, months or years.
We tend to experience moods not as distinct experiences but rather as a background influence on our emotional experiences
The physiological responses to environmental events that are part of our emtional reaction are the focus of many lie detector technologies.
Polygraph tests and other lie detecting technologies include biological measures of arousal, including heart rate, skin conductance and respiration rate
Suspect is asked a series of questions that establish a general physiological baseline
As they respond, the stress and strain associated with lying should be evident in a measure change in these physiological measures. The idea of being about to detect lies using physiological arousal is really enticing, but is not scientifically supported
Affect - the psychological experience of our physiological state
Positive affect - subjective experience of energy, engagement, and concentration characterized by being gratitude, happiness, and joy
Negative affect - subjective experience of distress and unwanted engagement characterized by fear, guilt and shame
James Lange Theory of emotion - the theory that environmental events trigger physiological responses that we then label as particular emotions
Cannon Bard theory - suggest that physiological response and emotional events occur simultaneously. While they are both similar in their emphasis on physiological changes as a result of environment events, they differ in their temporal order of events.
Schachter Signer two factor theory of emotion - combines aspects of the previous two theories and states that emotional responses are due to the interaction between the physiological response and cognitive label associated with environmental triggers.
Emotions are found across species, not just humans. Emotional processes are genetically determined and shared across a species and closely related species
We experience discrete, separate emotions such as fear anger and disgust. Facial expression sare tied to distinct emotional states. Muscle movements can be signals of particular emotions
Six basic emotions - sadness, contempt, surprise, anger, disgust and fear
Social media uses its motivation by both a need to belong and a need for self presentation.
The need to belong is a motivational pressure to be part of a social group that receive supports from others
Increased usage in social media can provide feelings of increased connectedness with others, but it often does not address underlying issues of loneliness. Online connections lack the social reciprocity that is part of a real world interaction, where we can see, hear and directly experience the other person.
A major element missing from online interaction is the ability to detect and interpret the emotional content that is conveyed by the speakers facial expression, voice tone and body language
Video chats allow for a close inspection of the emotional content of the message, but lag time in the video, buffering and the resolution of the image or audio stream still reduce the social and emotional impact of these interactions.
Balance is needed between virtual satisfaction of social needs and direct, human to human interactions.
Prominent explanations - a casual explanation of behavior that focuses on immediate situational and physiological factors.
Ultimate explanations - a casual explanation of behavior that focuses on evolutionary forces and functions of a behavior
Need hierarchy theory - this theory proposes that we have genetically determined needs ranging from physiological to social that drive our behavior
Face validity - the degree to which a psychological theory or assessment appears to be effective or accurate
Genetic fitness - the likelihood that an organisms genes will survive either by the continued like of the organism or being passed through reproduction
Lifetime reproductive potential - the potential number of offspring that an organism could produce in its lifetime
Naturalistic fallacy - the erroneous belief that biologically based motives, feelings or behaviors are morally right or wrong
Extrinsic motivation - behaviors that are activated by stimuli in the environment surrounding the organism
Intrinsic motivation – behaviors that are motivated by thoughts, feelings and values that are inside the individual
Need to belong - a fundamental psychological drive to have meaningful, reciprocal social connection.